History Midterm

Black Codes

1865

restrictive laws passed by southern states after civil war to limit freedom of African Americans

Importance: allowed black people to be treated as slaves, extended racial divides that are still seen now

14th Amendment

1866

anyone born in the us was a citizen

women could not vote, voting laws discriminated against black people

KKK

1865

white supremacist hate group who terrorized black americans

hurt American citizens and spread racial hatred, created a stigma around black people and thy are still treated unequally today

severality

1887

Dawes Severality act. US law that broke u communal Native American tribal lands into individal private pplots

government forces native americans into assimilation so they cannot take care of themselves

Katie Bighead

1876

Eyewitness of Battle of Little Big Horn

her stories counter one sided (white) recounts of historical narratives of indian wars

Frederick Jackson Turner

1893

gave speech about the ending of frontier. argue that frontier developed american values, democracy, self reliance

ignores that native americans lived in the land before the frontier, does not view them a worthy americans

Lee Chew

1882

immigrated to america because he believed he would prosper, but did laundry and was treated with racial prejudice

lee chew’s autobiography demonstrates how chinese people are hard working, which disproves the american prejudices against them

Andrew Carnegie

1889

Gospel Of Wealth. Believes upper class should help lower class. revolutionized steel industry

philanthropist, gave things to the poor

Samuel Gompers

1890

unionist. organized labor unions in a response to harsh working conditions from industrialization. “eight hours for what we will”

pioneered labor unions that are used everywhere today

The Jungle

1905

Jurgis Rudkus discovers the jungle. harsh working conditions in a meat processing facility

helped progressive reformers pass the pure food and drug act

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882

10 year ban on chinese workers entering the US

this is the first major US law to restrict immigration into the US based on race

Strenuous Life

1899

speech given by TR that greatness comes from hard work and courage. overcome this himself.

this speech justified expansion of US oversea, saying we have a duty to govern phillipines, cuba, etc. (unfit to rule themselves)

US declares war on Spain

1898

explosion of US ship (thought it was spain). spain owned cuba, and cuba was in crisis. the US wanted order in cuba.

this was the turning point that turned US into a global imperial power

Emilio Aguinaldo

1899

filipino leader he challenges the US self conception as a liberator, and says that the US army is at odds with filipino independence and interests.

speaks out that the US is trying to force their idea of a good government and citizen on filipinos, who only want their own freedom

Queen Lili’uokalani

1898

wrote a memoir about how how the US business interests did not align with the rule of her country. she was overthrown

this demonstrates how america takes control over who they deem needs to have a more american govenrment

Jones Act

1916

estbalishes philipine autonomy

desmonstrates how the US was actually trying to help the pilipines after they seized power

Jane Addams

1910

Hull house, helps care for poor immigrant families

she was a pacifist, however her efforts were forcing imigrants into learning te american ways

Annexation of the Philippines

1898

the US took control over phillipines whenit was declared free

this demonstrates the US and how it spreads its government to people they think need it (racially motivated)

Lincoln Steffens

1904

journalist. exposes the sham of corruption. he blames the american people for the erosion of democratic norms. urges citizens to vote according to morals to take back control of government

he was a voice who was able to dissent agianst the government, and urge voters to vote for who would help them. did not blame immigrants

WEB DuBois

1903

confrontational protesting. from the north. fight for your rights

WEB DuBois was raised in the north, so he did not see the beat down and depression black people experienced in the sout. he was brave for speaking up when so many hate crimes were happening to black people

Booker Washington

1901

preaches self reliance. if we want rights, we have to prove ourselves first. raised in the south

he saw more struggles in the south, so he had a more realisic approach. he was also very brave

18th Amendment

1917

banned alcohol

reformers pushed for the ban to stop poverty, as they believed people drank away their earnings

19th Amendment

1920

women could vote

initially only benefitted white women, marked the victory to womens suffrage

1912 election

1912

Wilson won election bc Taft and TR split republican vote in half from competition

wilson was controvsial, while poeple liked TR

US declares war on Germany

1917

Wilson says that he did not think the germans could stoop so low, so he has no choice but to go to war. influenced by unrestricted submarine warfare.germany is a threat to democracy

wilson says that it is a threat o democracy, however it coud have been fueled by economic need because the us had lots of trade with the allies

Fourteen Points

1918

outline plans for peace after wwi. prevent future conflicts. end secret diplomacy, protect trade, reduce military power, national support.

this boosted morale, undermined enemies, and counters russia

Tulsa race riot

1921

black neighborhood was prosperous. a son was accused of rape and had a lyching date scheduled. black group goes to free him but were overpowered by white armies who burned down the city. many died

demonstrates the racial divides in the 1920s

Scopes Trial

1925

teachers could not teach evolution in TN. John scopes taught it, his lawyer s darrow. bryan is the prosecution. quick on his feet, people like bryan better. found guilty

brings into question what to teach kids and what is accepted as science

Dust Bowl

1931

destroyed farmland, land had beenn plowed, and then it did not rain.

FDR said that govt would help. gave money to poor farmers to leave, helped farmers stay and rebuild

Social Security

1935

relief for elderly

marked turning point when govt accepted responsibility for welfare of citizens