4.3 and 4.4 APHG Vocab

 Territoriality

The defense of a state/nation to protect the land they claim

Irridentism

Political strategy in which a state annexes territory in another state based on its cultural/ethnic ties

Neocolonialism

The use of economic or political pressure to influence the actions of other countries

Shatterbelts

Regions that are under persistent political instability due to its geographic location

Chokepoint

Narrow Passages that restrict travel/movement access, they face high competition for military/economic control.

Boundaries

Define the amount of territory that falls within a state

Antecedent Borders

Boundaries that are established before a major settlement of people

Subsequent Borders

Boundaries that are established in areas that have been settled by people

Consequent

A type of subsequent border that takes account of the existing population in a territory and redistributes the borders to align with the prominent culture practiced

Superimposed

Boundary that is drawn in territory by a foreign power

Geometric

Boundaries that are established on straight lines of latitude and longitude arcs.

Relic

Borders that are no longer in place yet still leave a historical mark

Defined Boundary

Countries legally define and agree to where borders are located through an agreement or treaty (states, real estate)

DELIMITED

Political or legal border that has been drawn and recorded on a map. Usually at the same time that boundaries are defined and done through a legal designation.

DEMARCATED

When a boundary is physically marked on the landscape w/ objects (wall, fence, signs, pillar, monument)

ADMINISTERED

How a government enforces, maintains, regulates, and manages the movement of people, goods, and services across a border day-to-day

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

An area agreed upon by treaty where military forces, installations, and activities are forbidden, often serving as a buffer zone between opposing political powers (e.g., the Korean DMZ).

Berlin Conference (1884–1885)

A meeting where European imperial powers divided and mapped control of the African continent among themselves without input from indigenous African populations, creating arbitrary political boundaries.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

An international treaty establishing a legal framework governing maritime rights, defining ocean boundaries, and regulating coastal country control over territorial waters and natural resources.

Territorial Sea

A belt of coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles from a state's baseline, over which the state exercises full sovereignty, including its airspace and seabed

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ):

A sea zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coastline, giving that coastal state sovereign economic rights to explore, harvest, and manage natural resources (like petroleum and fishing) within the water, seabed, and subsoil.

International Waters (High Seas)

Ocean areas beyond any state's Exclusive Economic Zone (beyond 200 nautical miles) that are not subject to the sovereignty or jurisdiction of any single nation and are open to all states for peaceful transit and use.