States of Consciousness - Sleep Disturbances, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Psychology Chapter 5 lecture notes covering sleep disturbances, dream theories, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs.

Drug-Dependency Insomnia

Sleeplessness that follows withdrawal from sleeping pills.

Temporary Insomnia

Brief period of sleeplessness caused by worry, stress, and excitement.

Chronic Insomnia

Sleeplessness that exists if sleeping troubles last for more than three weeks.

Sleep Restriction

A behavioural remedy for insomnia where sleep is not recuperated (no sleeping in) and naps greater than 1 hour are avoided.

Stimulus Control

A behavioural remedy for insomnia involving a regular sleep schedule, reserving the bed for sleep only, and leaving bed if unable to sleep after 20 minutes.

Paradoxical Intention

A behavioural remedy for insomnia that involves stopping trying to fall asleep and trying to stay awake instead.

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

Walking while asleep, which occurs during NREM sleep.

Sleeptalking

Speaking while asleep.

Narcolepsy

Sudden, irresistible, daytime sleep attacks that may last anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour.

Nightmares

Frightening dreams occurring during REM sleep that may occur once or twice a month and are brief and easily remembered.

Imagery Rehearsal

Technique to mentally rehearse a changed dream before going to sleep again, which may help to eliminate nightmares.

Night Terrors

Sleep disturbance involving total panic and possible hallucinations, occurring during Stage 4 sleep and most common in childhood.

Sleep Apnea

Interrupted breathing during sleep that is the cause of very loud snoring.

Hypersomnia

Extreme daytime sleepiness.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS; Crib Death)

Sudden, unexplained death of a healthy infant.

REM Rebound

Extra rapid eye movement sleep following REM sleep deprivation.

Psychodynamic (Freudian) Theory

Dream theory that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces.

Wish Fulfillment

Freudian belief that many dreams are expressions of unconscious desires.

Dream Symbols

Images in dreams that have a deeper symbolic meaning.

Hypnosis

Altered state of consciousness characterized by intensely narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion.

Mesmer

Historical figure who believed he could cure diseases by passing magnets over the body (associated with 'animal magnetism').

Basic Suggestion Effect

Tendency of hypnotized people to carry out suggested actions as though they were involuntary.

2002 Canadian Community Health Survey Sleep Finding

Survey showing that 35% of the population aged 15 or older had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep at least some of the time.

Psychoactive Drug

Substance capable of altering attention, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control, emotion, or perception.

Stimulant

Substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system.

Depressant

Substance that decreases activity in the body and nervous system.

Physical Dependence

Addiction based on drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

Drug Tolerance

Reduction in the body's response to a drug.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Physical illness following withdrawal of a drug.

Psychological Dependence

Drug dependence based on psychological or emotional needs.

Amphetamine

Synthetic stimulants that excite the nervous system, with Dexedrine and Methamphetamine as two types.

Amphetamine Psychosis

Loss of contact with reality caused by amphetamine use, where the user tends to be paranoid.

Designer Drugs

Chemically engineered versions of existing drugs made to skirt drug laws.

MDMA (Ecstasy)

A designer drug chemically similar to amphetamine created by small variations in a drug's structure, which may cause severe liver damage.

Cocaine

Central Nervous System stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca plant, also used as a local anesthetic.