Mycology Test 4 Vocab

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM)

specialized hyphae of fungus enter the cells of root cortex and set up arbuscules; obligate biotrophs

Arbuscules

finely branched organs produced by endomycorrhizal fungi inside host root cells; fungus and plant exchange phosphorus and photosynthates

Stele

the central cylinder of conductive tissue in roots

Cortex

outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant

Ectomycorrhiza (EM) -

grows around the root and between its cortical cells but doesn’t penetrate; not obligate biotrophs and rarer

Hartig net

net of hyphae that are between the cells of the plant root

Mantle

a compact layer of hyphae enclosing short feeder roots of EM plants; connected to hartig net on the inside and to the extramatrical hyphae on the outside; acts as a sink for nutrients

Photosynthates

organic compounds produced by plants during photosynthesis

Intramatrical

within root; phase of fungus inside the cell;

Extramatrical

extend out from root; AM structures developing outside the roots of the photobiont

Primary Metabolites

Essential to cell to survive; essential to ATP

Secondary Metabolites

not essential but benefits the organism; mycotoxins

Ergotamine tartrate

used to manage migraines by causing vasoconstriction of cranial arterioles

Ergometrine

a 3-amino acid cyclopeptide derivative of lysergic acid from Claviceps purpurea sclerotia

Aflatoxin

virulent toxin produced by the hyphomycetes Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus growing on foodstuffs, esp. nuts; highly carcinogenic

Fumonisins

toxin produced naturally by molds, specifically Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum; affects corn most often

Trichothecenes

mycotoxins of Fusarium tricinctum, F. sporotrichiodes, F. poae, and Trochothecium (hyphomycetes)

Storage mold

found in storage, ex: silos; cultivated in here under certain conditions