Different Approaches to Qualitative Research

Phenomenon

Any observable fact, event, or circumstance that can be perceived through the senses or measured scientifically

Phenomenology

It is a philosophy that is concerned with the question of how individuals make sense of the world around them

Phenomenology

Understanding the behavioral, emotive, and social meanings of lived experiences of individuals

Phenomenology

Emphasizes individual experiences, beliefs, and perceptions

Ethnography

Writes about a group of people in their natural context over a prolonged period of time

Ethnography

It literally means “to write about a group of people“

Ethnography

Focuses on shared belief systems

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Most common qualitative data analysis method

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Presents stories and experiences voiced by the participants

Inductive Thematic Analysis

An example of this are focus group discussions

Inductive Thematic Analysis

This type of data analysis method is iterative, in which data collection is merged.

Grounded Theory

Constructs theories grounded in the data

Grounded Theory

A type of inductive thematic analysis

Grounded Theory

It is a set of inductive data collection and analytic methods with the purpose of constructing theories grounded in the data themselves

Case Study

Allows the in-depth investigation of complex issues within a specific context

Case Study

Investigates issues on education, sociology and community-based problems

Case Study

Based on a small geographical area or a very limited number of individuals as the subject of the study.

Discourse/Conversation Analysis

Studies naturally occurring discourse and extreact shared meanings from such discourse

Discourse/Conversation Analysis

Focuses on text as “object of analysis“

Discourse/Conversation Analysis

Concerns with the process of meaning & understanding

Discourse and Conversation Analysis

Understands how shared meanings are socially constructed.

Narrative Analysis

An approach to the collection and examination of data that is sensitive to the sense of historical arrangement that people as tellers of stories about their lives or events around them

Narrative Analysis

Focuses on the narratives used as a source of data

Narrative Analysis

The emphasis of attention from “What actually happened“ to “how do people make sense of what happened“

Narrative Analysis

Unearths the story of participants