Royal Consolidation, Colonial Wars, and Mercantilism

Flashcards covering royal consolidation, the Glorious Revolution, colonial conflicts, mercantilist empires, and demographic differences among European colonies.

What actions did King Charles I take when Massachusetts refused to base voting rights on property ownership, tolerate more religions, and obey the Navigation Acts?

He declared Massachusetts a royal colony and took away its charter.

Which colonies were combined by King James II into the Dominion of New England?

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth were combined first, with New Jersey and New York added later.

Who was appointed to rule the Dominion of New England as a single governor with very few restrictions?

Governor Andros.

What were the key requirements established by the English Bill of Rights following the Glorious Revolution ($1688-1689$)?

It required Parliament to be summoned annually, all bills to be signed by the monarch, and all basic rights to be respected.

What conditions were included in the new charter granted to Massachusetts by King William?

The king chose the governor, voting rights were limited to landowners, and tolerance was required for all Protestants.

What changes occurred in Maryland following the formation of the Protestant Association during the Glorious Revolution?

Catholics were removed from politics and lost their right to vote, and the Church of England became the official religion.

By what percentage did the Iroquois Confederacy population drop during King William's War?

Their population dropped by $20\%$.

How did the Iroquois Confederacy adjust its strategy and alliances following King William's War?

They made peace with France's Indian allies in exchange for access to furs and redefined their alliance with Britain to exclude required military cooperation while keeping control of their lands.

Which nations were involved in Queen Anne's War, and what did the conflict show the American colonies?

The war involved England, France, and Spain; it devastated the colonies and showed them that they needed England for protection.

What restrictions did the Navigation Acts place on colonial commerce under British mercantilism?

Goods were required to be shipped on English ships, key exports such as tobacco, sugar, rice, and furs had to go through England, and colonial manufacturing was restricted to force the purchase of British goods.

Why did France struggle to profit from mercantilism despite strong sugar production in the West Indies?

The sugar planters in the West Indies ignored mercantilism, making it hard for France to profit.

Why did British colonies experience much higher population growth than French and Spanish colonies in North America?

Both France and Spain denied entry to immigrants who were not Catholic, driving prospective settlers to England's colonies, where population was further boosted by high birth rates.

How did Spain view its North American colonies in relation to its Latin American colonies?

Spain viewed its North American colonies as a buffer of protection for its more important Latin American colonies.

What key structures and policies did Britain use to support its commercial economy?

Britain supported commerce through its Navy, taxes, tariffs, and the Bank of England.