Family Resources Exam 1 (ch.1-3, 6)

What is Family Resource Management?

Field of study that explores the different factors that affect individual and family decision making, and how these processes guide management of resources

What factors affect individual and family decision making?

Physical Health, Psychological, Emotional, Social, Societal Norms and Expectations

What reveals our decision-making process?

Our perception of available resources: what we choose to use or reserve and the amount we give or save

What are some needs/goals on our lives?

Time, money/material assets, education, energy, relationships/personal space/physical

What disciplines does FRM integrate theory and research from?

Psychology, sociology/social psychology, cultural/historical anthropology, economics, biology

What resources do individuals and families develop to meet needs/goals?

Financial, emotional, mental, spiritual, physical, geographic, educational

What is the five-step decision-making process?

1. Recognize an existing need

2. Identify available preferred resources to fulfill this need

3. Evaluate alternative resources that can fulfill the needs

4. Select and implement available or alternative resources

5. Reflect and evaluate on the selected option

What does someone with a Past sense of time value?

Preserving and learning from the past

What does someone with a Present sense of time value?

Enjoying today, rather than worrying about tomorrow

What does someone with a future sense of time value?

Sacrificing today for a better tomorrow

What does someone with a Being mindset value?

Maintaining personal status quo and not needing to do great things

What does someone with a Becoming mindset value?

Improving personal life and society

What does someone with a Doing mindset value?

Measurable, concrete accomplishments that are judged by external standards

Describe a Lineal social relation.

Lines of authority are clearly established with the goals of the leader assuming priority

Describe a Collateral social relation.

Emphasis is on collective decision-making and group goals take precedence over individual needs

Describe an Individualistic social relation.

Individual goals are more important than group needs and equality is emphasized.

What is the modern definition of a family?

When 2+ people form an economic unit and care for each member

T/F Divorce is more common among individuals without a college degree.

True

T/F Women are more likely to remarry than men.

False

T/F Parental divorce increases the likelihood that the individual will divorce or have less interest in marriage.

False

T/F Overall divorce rates have been declining since the early 80’s.

True

Compared to single men, married men report:

More satisfaction with their social lives and physical/mental health

What domestic labor tasks do women report they have more involvement in?

Cleaning the house, doing laundry, cooking, planning couple/social activities, making health related decisions, and planning social activities for their children

What do women and men perceive equal participation in?

Paying bills, tracking spending, and resolving relationship issues

In what year did the birth rate reach a record low?

2020

What are some reasons for not wanting children?

Cost, insecurity over parenting skills, too much work, interfere with professional goals, nature of their world, and health concerns

What goes into career management?

Assessing educational requirements and whether the result is worth the effort

What is the sandwich generation?

Those whose responsibility is to care for aging parents and growing children simultaneously

What is the Social Exchange Theory?

We “look and trade” for more/better/different resources that another possesses

What is defined as losing resources that you had brought to or acquired from the relationship?

Cost

What two resources up the scales to the person having higher levels of both?

Financial and educational

What is the goal of the Social Exchange Theory

To maximize benefits while minimizing costs

What is the Conflict theory?

Members have different goals and values that result in conflict (micro- and macro-level)

Why does inter-personal conflict occur?

Scarce resources and unequal distribution

What is the key aspect of conflict theory?

Conflict management

What examines the meaning and value that people assign to the “family”, family roles, and family behaviors?

Symbolic Interactionism

Describe Impression Management.

Families controlling the image that other people have of them

What is the theory that the family is a dynamic and changing system that transitions through a series of predictable stages?

Family Development Theory

What are the predictable stages that the family system goes through?

Dating, marriage, childbearing, childrearing, empty nest, retirement, death

What are the three main focuses of the family stages

Timing, renegotiation of family roles, and transitional ease

What is the Human Ecological Theory?

Theory that experiences with and information from external systems can bring positive and negative change to the family

What are the external systems that affect the family?

Neighborhood, schools, health systems, local and federal government, media, and historical paths over time

What does the Family Strengths Framework identify within families?

Specific strengths and how to apply them to resource management

What are the six major qualities to focus on from a strengths perspective?

1. Commitment to family

2. Spending time together

3. Spiritual well-being

4. Successful management of stress and crisis

5. Positive communication

6. Showing appreciation and affection to each other

According to Foa and Foa’s Resource Theory, what are the 6 types of resources exchanged in family relationships?

1. Love

2. Status

3. Information

4. Money

5. Goods

6. Services

What 2 qualities are evaluated when members of a family exchange resources?

Particularistic and concreteness

How does someone with a particularistic quality view resource exchange?

They are very selective in who they exchange a resource with

What is the degree to which resources are gained or lost in a social relationship?

Concreteness

How does high concreteness compare to low concreteness?

High concreteness means more resources are lost while low concreteness means less resources are lost

What are the goals of any social relationship?

Receive something equal to what is given and improve lives while minimizing negative impacts

How does altruism present itself in a relationship?

When a behavior does not benefit a person but helps others

What is an “assume-no-loss” strategy when using resources?

There is less focus on negative outcomes

When in a time period do people use the most resources?

In the early stages

What is Deutsch’s 3 Principles of Distributive Justice?

Equity, Equality, and Need

Describe the Equity Principle of Distributive Justice.

Distribution is contingent on the contributions made

Describe the Equality Principle of Distributive Justice.

Equal distribution, regardless of input or need

Describe the Need Principle of Distributive Justice.

Based on assessment of everyone’s level of need and/or condition

What is it called when a person acquires or is given power in the family to make major decisions that often determine the family’s lifestyle.

Orchestration Power

How is orchestration power traditionally acquired?

Through financial status

What is power granted by the orchestrator to other family members to make minor decisions?

Implementation Power