Chapter 8 - Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

social-cognitive theory

the theoretical perspective that asserts that social and personality development in early childhood is related to improvements in the cognitive domain

person perception

the ability to classify others according to categories such as age, gender, and race

permissive parenting style

a style of parenting that is high in nurturance and low in maturity demands, control, and communication

authoritarian parenting style

a style of parenting that is low in nurturance and communication, but high in control and maturity demands

authoritative parenting style

a style of parenting that is high in nurturance, maturity demands, control, and communication

uninvolved parenting style

a style of parenting that is low in nurturance, maturity demands, control, and communication

discipline

training, whether physical, mental, or moral, that develops self-control, moral character, and proper conduct

time-out

removing the child from the situation and from attention and rewards for a short period of time, typically one minute for every year of the child's age, in order to stop unwanted behaviour

inductive discipline

a discipline strategy in which parents explain to children why a punished behaviour is wrong

hostile/ineffective

a type of interaction in which parents manipulate children through the use of sarcasm or put-downs and/or mix anger with punishment

punitive/aversive

a type of interaction in which parents intimidate their children by shouting and/or using physical punishments

consistent

a type of interaction in which parents ensure compliance with directives and/or follow through with consequences after giving a warning

positive

parents engage in mutually satisfying activities with their children and/or have fun with them