lung

The right lung has how many lobes in the left lung has how many lobes

The right has three in the left has two

The trachea bifurcates at

T4 to T5

What are the common lymphatics of the lungs?

Intrapulmonary, bronchopulmonary, hilar, interlobar, mediastinal

The trachea extends from

The inferior border of the larynx to T5

Bronchi enter into the lung at the

Hilum

The mediastinum is the region between the lungs containing

Trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, heart, and great vessels

What to create pathways from tumors to get to lymph

Hilum And mediastinum

What are some etiologic Factors of lung cancer

Smoking/secondhand smoke, older age, having previous lung cancer, air, pollution, radon, asbestos

Cigar and pipe smoking can be a risk for lung cancer, but Are usually associated with cancers of the

Aero digestive tract

True or false you can decrease the risk of developing lung cancer by quitting smoking at any age

True

What is the second leading cause of lung cancer and leading cause for non-smoker?

Radon

Abestos is linked to

Mesothelioma

What are some signs and symptoms of lung cancer?

Cough, hemoptysis, Dyspnea and chest pain, nerve symptoms, dysphasia, superior vena cava syndrome

Dyspnea and chest pain is a common symptom for involvement of the

Pleura, chest wall, or mediastinal structures

Tumors in the right lung or metastatic tumors in the right mediastinal notes may cause

Superior vena cava syndrome

Mesothelioma presents with

Pleural thickening, dyspnea, and chest pain as a result of plural fluid and invasion of the chest wall

What are paraneoplastic syndrome’s?

Secondary tumor effects, induction of signs and symptoms away from the primary site

Paraneoplastic syndrome’s are more associated with which type of lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer

A paraneoplastic lung cancer sign is

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which is clubbing fingers

True or false there has been a decline in lung cancer incidence

True there has also been a decline in smoking rates

True or false worldwide lung cancer is the most common cancer

True

Risk for lung cancer increases with

Age

Most patient with lung cancer are aged

65 and older

Is lung cancer more common in women or men?

Way more common in women could be due to trends in smoking between genders

Do blacks or whites have a higher risk for a lung cancer

Blacks

What type of cancer is the leading cause of death in the US?

Lung cancer

Mesothelioma arises from

The mesothelial cells that line the plural cavity and can affect visceral imp prior or pleura

What is the prognosis of mesothelioma?

Prognosis is poor with a five year survival rate of 16% for stage one a and stage four is less than 1%

What is known as the oat cell intends to occur more centrally and behave similar to large cell carcinoma

Small cell lung cancer

Is small cell or non-small cell more prone to metastasis early?

Small cell lung cancer

What are the common sub types of non-small cell lung cancer?

Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma

What is the most common histology sub type of non-small cell lung cancer in the US?

Adenocarcinoma and is usually found in the peripheral lung

What is the most common non-small cell lung cancer subtype worldwide?

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the most common non-small cell lung cancer subtype found in non-smokers

Adenocarcinoma

Which non-small cell lung cancer histology subtype is found in smokers

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the least common non-small cell lung cancer subtype

Large cell carcinoma

Which imaging is preferred for the work up of lung cancer?

Chest x-ray

Which imaging is the most valuable for studying staging and therapeutic planning for lung cancer?

CT

What is used to examine the airway to identify obstruction and obtained tissue sample of the lungs?

Bronchoscopy

If a lesion is too peripheral for a broncoscopy what is used

Find needle aspiration

What type of biopsy may be necessary for mesothelioma?

Pleural biopsy

What are the treatment options for mesothelioma?

Surgery, radiation, therapy, and chemotherapy

Surgery includes a pleurectomy

And the chemo is platinum based

Adjuvant radiation therapy is controversial for mesothelioma because

Of lung toxicity

What is the general treatment for an early stage lung cancer?

Surgery consisting of a lobectomy, but can do a pneumonectomy where the entire lung is removed

What is the most effective chemo for lung cancer?

Cisplastin

Were advanced disease, lung cancer, what is used?

Palliative radiation therapy for controlling hemoptysis

What are the three routes of spread for lung cancer?

Local, which is direct Intrathoracic spread

Regional, which is lymphatic spread

Distant, which is hematogenous spread

Lung cancer commonly metastasize is to which area

The brain

Can also spread to the lung liver and bone, especially vertebrae and adrenal gland

Which histologic sub type of one cancer has a high incidents for Mets especially skip Mets

Adenocarcinoma

The most common lymph nodes involved for lung cancer is

Hilar then goes to media Steindl, then supraclavicular

The path of lymph node spread for the lungs is

Intrapulmonary, hilar, the inferior mediastinal nodes (Subcarinal), Superior mediastinal (Retro tracheal, pre-tracheal, paratracheal)

Staging for non-small cell cancer and small cell lung cancer is based on

Size and tumor extension

Staging for mesothelioma is based on

Tumor size and extension

Prognosis for lung cancer is based on

Performance status, stage, and weight loss

Is the prognosis for non-small cell lung, cancer better or small cell lung cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer

What is the five year survival rate from lung cancer?

16%