Russian Negation: Core Negative Words and Constructions

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Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Russian core negative words (ни- words), predicative negative constructions (не- words), case declensions of никто and ничто, and negative sentence patterns.

29 Terms

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не

not

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нет

no; there is/are not

3
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никто

nobody (nominative case form, e.g., Никто не знает - Nobody knows)

4
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никого

nobody / anybody (genitive or accusative form of никто; e.g., Здесь никого нет / Я никого не вижу)

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никому

to nobody / anybody (dative form of никто; e.g., Я никому не говорю)

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ни с кем

with nobody / anybody (instrumental case construction of никто with preposition; e.g., Я ни с кем не говорю)

7
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ни о ком

about nobody / anybody (prepositional case construction of никто with preposition; e.g., Я ни о ком не думаю)

8
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ничто

nothing (subject; e.g., Ничто не помогает ему)

9
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ничего

nothing / anything (genitive or accusative form; e.g., Я ничего не вижу)

10
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ничему

to nothing / anything (dative form of ничто; e.g., Я ничему не верю)

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ничем

with/by nothing / anything (instrumental form of ничто; e.g., Я ничем не могу ему помочь)

12
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ни о чём

about nothing / anything (prepositional form with preposition; e.g., Я ни о чём не думаю)

13
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никогда

never (e.g., Я никогда не курю)

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нигде

nowhere (location) / not anywhere (location)

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никуда

not anywhere (destination) (e.g., Я никуда не иду)

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ниоткуда

from nowhere

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никакой

no / not any (adjective)

18
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ничей

nobody's

19
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некогда

no time to do something (e.g., Мне некогда читать - I don't have time to read)

20
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нечего

nothing to do, say, or lose (e.g., Мне нечего делать - I have nothing to do)

21
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некого

no one to ask or see (e.g., Мне некого спросить - I have no one to ask)

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некому

no one available to do something / there is no one to help (e.g., Некому помочь мне - There is no one to help me)

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некуда

nowhere to go (e.g., Мне некуда идти - I have nowhere to go)

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негде

nowhere to do something (e.g., Мне негде сидеть - I have nowhere to sit)

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не с кем

no one to do something with (e.g., Мне не с кем поговорить - I have no one to talk with)

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не о чем

nothing to talk about (e.g., Мне не о чем говорить - I have nothing to talk about)

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Pattern: Мне + НЕ- word + infinitive

A construction used to express having no time, place, or person to perform an action (e.g., Мне некогда читать. - I have no time to read.)

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Pattern: Subject + НИ-word + не + verb

The standard double negative sentence structure in Russian (e.g., Я никогда не читаю. - I never read.)

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Pattern: у + genitive (possessor) + нет + genitive (thing absent)

A sentence construction used to indicate absence and lack of possession (e.g., У меня нет книги. - I don't have a book.)