GI System Part 2: Disorders, Imaging, and Treatment

What procedure allows for the inspection of abnormalities in the colon?

Colonoscopy

At what age should screening for colon abnormalities begin?

Age 45

What is the recommended frequency for colonoscopy if the colon is clear?

Every 10 years

What is appendicitis?

Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix

Where is the pain localized in appendicitis?

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

What imaging method is primarily used to diagnose appendicitis in adults?

CT with IV contrast

What are diverticula?

Sac-like outpouchings of the large colon wall

What is diverticulitis?

Inflammation of one or more diverticula

What is the most common form of GI ischemia?

Ischemic Colitis (IC)

What are the common symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits

What is the leading cause of cancer death related to the gastrointestinal system?

Colorectal Cancer

What type of cancer accounts for 90-95% of all colorectal cancers?

Adenocarcinoma

What is a common imaging finding in large bowel obstruction?

Air on top, fluid below

What is cholelithiasis?

Presence of gallstones within the gallbladder

What are the classic risk factors for gallstones?

The 4 F's: Female, Forty, Fertile, Fat

What is acute cholecystitis?

Acute inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by a gallstone obstruction

What is emphysematous cholecystitis?

A severe, life-threatening variant of acute cholecystitis with gas formation

What is hepatitis?

Inflammation of the liver caused by various factors including viral infections

What is cirrhosis?

End stage of chronic liver disease, often irreversible

What is the most common type of pancreatic cancer?

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

What is pneumoperitoneum?

Presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity

What is a common sign of splenic rupture?

LUQ abdominal pain and tenderness

What is the first-line imaging for rapid assessment of splenic rupture?

Ultrasound

What are the complications of acute cholecystitis?

Perforation, gangrenous cholecystitis, empyema, abscesses, sepsis

What is the gold standard for diagnosing hepatitis?

Ultrasound

What clinical manifestation is associated with pancreatic cancer?

Painless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder