Unit 1 SBMC and CRQ Assessment

historiography

The way history gets written and told.

multi-cultural

Different cultures co-existing together, or a mix of them.

manufactories

Places where things are made usually in large numbers.

empire

A complex political organization where a central state controls weaker peripheral (outer) states.

monarch

A king or queen or emperor who rules an empire (usually inherited).

commerce

The process of buying, selling, or exchanging goods.

colony

An area or territory that is controlled by a more powerful country.

centralized

Everything is controlled or managed from one place rather than spread around all over.

dynasty

A line of rulers from one family. When power is passed down through the same family throughout multiple generations.

famine

Not enough food. Severe shortage of food that leads to starvation, death, and disease.

multi-ethnic

A mix of ethnic groups.

maritime power

The ability to sail and stop at ports to resupply around the globe.

merchant capitalism

The idea that you can become wealthy through production and distribution. This was Europe's mindset.

modernize

To adopt newer ideas, technology, or methods.

capitalism

An economic system in which individuals own businesses and compete to make profit.

cash crops

Crops grown mainly to be sold for profit.

West/Western World

Europe and the regions strongly influenced by European culture and ideas.

Ming and Qing

The two Chinese dynasties that ruled from 1450 to 1750.

Tokugawa

A centralized and stable government run by the shogun with power distributed to the daimyo.

Ottomans

A muslim empire that ruled parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa (the three continents which its borders touched).

Mughals

A muslim empire that ruled most of India.

The Rise of the West

A book written by William McNeill focused on global history from a western perspective.

Macartney Mission

Macartney went to China to meet the Qianlong emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Britain wanted greater access to Chinese trade but Britain didn’t have the resources that China needed so China rejected the request.

Kotow

A bow and respect of the court; Macartney did it on one knee to keep British pride but still show respect.

Babur

A Muslim founder of the Mughal dynasty.

Akbar

Led a golden age and was a supporter of cultural blending and religious tolerance.

Shah Jahan

Builder of the Taj Mahal and known for an expensive lifestyle that resulted in raised taxes.

Aurangzeb

Mughal decline; rejected tolerance policies and persecuted Hindus.

Jizya Tax

A tax on non-Muslims reimposed by Aurangzeb, angering many Hindus.

European Interest in Mughal Empire

Portugal, Dutch, British, French, and Danish wanted trade and money.

Mughal Rule

During its height, artisans and entrepreneurs made India the “industrial workshop of the world.”

Millet System

Allowed different religious groups to practice their own beliefs within the Ottoman Empire.

Act of Seclusion

Tokugawa Japan expelled Christians and foreigners to limit foreign influence.

Selective Borrowing

Japan adopted certain aspects from China while limiting foreign influence from Europe.

Ottoman Military

Strong military with elite fighting force known as Janissaries. (This was a direct result of the devshrime system).

Sultan Rulers

Ottoman rulers who experienced periods of instability due to various conflicts.

Ottoman Relationship with Europe

Made peace treaties and established relationships with France and other European countries.

British East India Company

An English trading company that gained political and military control over parts of India as the Mughal Empire weakened. This eventually helped Britain make India a colony, a territory controlled by a more powerful foreign country.

Canton System

Limited foreign trade; Qing only allowed foreigners at certain ports and certain times a year.