American Foundations Exam 1 Kahoot

Why did Pennsylvania attract many European immigrants?

Cheap land, religious toleration, and a favorable climate

Who founded Pennsylvania?

William Penn

What religious group was William Penn associated with?

Quakers

What made Pennsylvania different from many southern colonies?

It attracted many different European groups

Why did many indentured servants prefer Pennsylvania?

It offered opportunities to obtain land

What is the difference between a "society with slaves" and a "slave society"?

A slave society's economy depends heavily on enslaved labor

Which colonies developed the strongest slave societies?

Chesapeake, South Carolina, and Georgia

Why did plantation owners increasingly prefer enslaved labor over indentured servants?

Enslaved people could not legally become free after a contract

What was significant about the 1662 Virginia law concerning children born to enslaved women?

Children inherited the mother's status

Why was the 1662 Virginia law significant?

It helped make slavery hereditary

What did the 1667 Virginia law establish?

Religious conversion did not end enslavement

By approximately 1680, what had happened in the southern colonies?

Slavery had become increasingly racialized in law

What did the 1705 Virginia slave code establish?

Enslaved people were legally considered property

What was one major difference between slavery in the North and South?

Northern slavery was often smaller-scale and domestic, while southern slavery was heavily plantation-based

Why did slavery become especially important in South Carolina and Georgia?

Rice and indigo required large amounts of labor

Which crop helped make South Carolina wealthy and increased the demand for enslaved labor?

Rice

Which crop later became another important cash crop in South Carolina?

Indigo

Why did plantation owners fear enslaved people in large numbers?

They feared organized resistance and rebellion

What happened to free Black rights in Virginia during the 1700s?

They gradually became more restricted

What happened to Virginia's free Black voters in 1723?

They lost the right to vote

What was the Middle Passage?

The Atlantic voyage carrying enslaved Africans to the Americas

Approximately what percentage of enslaved Africans died during the Middle Passage according to your lecture?

20%

Which destination received the largest percentage of enslaved Africans in your professor's statistics?

Portuguese Brazil

Where did the majority of enslaved Africans sent to the Americas end up?

Brazil and the Caribbean

Why was the demand for enslaved labor particularly high on Caribbean sugar plantations?

The work was dangerous and extremely labor-intensive

What role did many West African rulers play in the Atlantic slave trade?

Some sold captives to European traders and benefited economically and politically

Why did European traders often remain in coastal forts in West Africa?

African traders often brought enslaved people to the coast

Why did enslaved Africans develop new cultures in the Americas?

They came from many different cultures and created new communities under slavery

What was Gullah?

A hybrid language developed among enslaved people in the Lowcountry

Why did Gullah develop?

Enslaved people from different African linguistic backgrounds needed ways to communicate

Which statement best describes religion among enslaved people?

African traditions and Christianity sometimes blended together

How could Christianity function for enslaved people?

As both a source of hope and, in some contexts, a means of social control

How did many enslaved people resist slavery?

Escape

What was most common among colonial slave escapes?

Individual escapes or small groups

Why could enslaved people in the Chesapeake sometimes attempt to pass as free Black people?

They were familiar with European/American culture

What contributed to King Philip's War?

English pigs destroyed Native crops and tensions over land increased

When did King Philip's War occur?

1675

What happened during King Philip's War?

Both sides committed atrocities, including killing civilians and burning settlements

Why did your professor emphasize "victors write history" when discussing King Philip's War?

English accounts often portrayed Native Americans as "savages" after the English victory

What was England's approach toward the colonies before about 1670?

Very hands-off

What was established in 1675 to regulate colonial affairs and trade?

Lords of Trade

Why did England become more interested in controlling the colonies?

The colonies were becoming economically important

What did Massachusetts argue when England tried to enforce trade regulations?

"We don't have representation in Parliament."

Why did colonists sometimes ignore the Navigation Acts?

Smuggling could be more profitable

Which group became the largest non-English European population in the colonies?

Germans

Why did many Germans immigrate to the colonies?

Religious freedom and access to cheaper land

What happened to indentured servitude during the 1700s?

It declined as the colonial economy attracted skilled workers

By the late colonial period, approximately what percentage of white males owned farms according to the lecture?

About two-thirds

Who generally made up the colonial economic elite?

Northern merchants and southern plantation owners

What did republicanism mean in the 1700s?

Economically independent male citizens, especially property owners, should participate in government

Why were property owners considered "virtuous" under republicanism?

They supposedly had a stake in society and would act for the common good

Who is most closely associated with liberalism and the social contract?

John Locke

What is the social contract?

An agreement in which people give up some freedoms in exchange for lawful government and order

According to Locke, what were natural rights?

Rights that governments should not take away, such as life, liberty, and property

What did republicanism and liberalism have in common?

Both emphasized limiting tyranny and protecting liberty

Who could generally vote in colonial America?

White male property owners, with requirements varying by colony

Why was voting more common among colonists than people in England?

Much more land was owned by colonists

Who appointed colonial governors?

The king/English government

What was the "public sphere"?

A place where people openly discussed political and public affairs

Why were newspapers and printing presses important to colonial political culture?

They allowed political ideas and commentary to spread

What was the Enlightenment?

A movement emphasizing reason and applying rational thought to society and government

How did Enlightenment thinkers apply ideas from the Scientific Revolution?

They used reason to question traditional political and social institutions

What is deism?

The belief that God created the universe but does not regularly intervene in its operation

Which Founding Fathers were associated with deism according to the lecture?

Jefferson and Franklin

When did the Great Awakening occur?

1730s–1740s

What did Great Awakening preachers emphasize?

Personal and emotional religious experiences

Why was the Great Awakening historically significant?

It encouraged people to question traditional authority and think independently

How did the Great Awakening contribute to later political developments?

It encouraged people to question why elites should have authority over them

What was the North American portion of the Seven Years' War called?

French and Indian War

Who fought against England in the North American conflict?

France and Native allies

What was one major result of the Seven Years' War?

England gained Canada from France

What did England gain from Spain after the war?

Florida

What did Spain receive from France?

Louisiana Territory

Why was the Seven Years' War important to the colonies?

It strengthened connections between colonies while also increasing tensions with Britain afterward

What did the Proclamation of 1763 attempt to do?

Prevent colonial settlement west of the Appalachians

Why did many colonists ignore the Proclamation of 1763?

Western land was valuable and desirable

Why did the Proclamation increase tensions between Britain and colonists?

Colonists wanted access to western land while Britain attempted to restrict settlement

Which development best explains why slavery became increasingly racialized in colonial America?

Colonial laws increasingly defined slavery and freedom according to race

Which sequence is correct?

Seven Years' War → Proclamation of 1763 → increased colonial tensions

Which development most directly helped create a "slave society" in the southern colonies?

Labor-intensive cash crops and plantation agriculture

Which pairing is correct?

Republicanism — property-owning citizens should participate in government

Which pairing is correct?

Gullah — hybrid language developed among enslaved people in the Lowcountry

Which statement best describes colonial political participation?

Colonies had more political participation than England, but participation was still largely limited to white men, especially property owners

Which development helped spread political ideas throughout the colonies?

Newspapers, pamphlets, and the public sphere

Why is the Great Awakening important beyond religion?

It encouraged ordinary colonists to question established authority and think independently

Which statement best describes the relationship between the Enlightenment and Great Awakening?

Both encouraged people to question established authority, although one emphasized reason and the other emphasized religious experience

Which development best demonstrates England's increasing control over the colonies?

Creation of the Lords of Trade and enforcement of trade regulations

Why did the Seven Years' War contribute to later conflict between Britain and the colonies?

Britain gained territory and debt, while attempts to control colonial expansion and raise revenue contributed to tensions

Which statement best describes the northern colonies' relationship with slavery?

Slavery was less central to their economies, but northern colonies still participated in and benefited from slavery

Which statement best connects slavery, capitalism, and the Atlantic economy?

European demand for cash crops helped increase the demand for enslaved labor, connecting slavery to a larger Atlantic economy