Gen Psych Chapter2 flashcards
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40 Terms
Neuron
Basic unit of the nervous system that transmits information
Dendrites
Receive incoming signals from other neurons
Axon
Sends signals to other neurons
Myelin sheath
Fatty layer that speeds neural transmission
Action potential
Electrical impulse traveling down the axon
Threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse
Synapse
Gap between neurons where communication occurs
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers between neurons
Agonist
Increases neurotransmitter activity
Antagonist
Blocks neurotransmitter activity
Endorphins
Natural painkillers that produce pleasure
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Connects CNS to body
Somatic nervous system
Controls voluntary movements
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary functions
Sympathetic nervous system
Arouses body for fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calms body for rest and digest
Endocrine system
Slow communication system using hormones
Hormones
Chemical messengers in bloodstream
Pituitary gland
Master gland controlling other glands
Adrenal glands
Release adrenaline for stress response
Plasticity
Brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize
📘 CHAPTER 2: BRAIN
Brainstem
Controls basic survival functions
Reticular formation
Controls arousal and attention
Limbic system
Regulates emotion and motivation
Amygdala
Processes fear and aggression
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis and drives
Hippocampus
Processes and stores memories
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer responsible for thinking and perception
Frontal lobe
Decision-making and movement
Parietal lobe
Touch and body position
Occipital lobe
Vision processing
Temporal lobe
Hearing and language
Corpus callosum
Connects brain hemispheres
Left hemisphere
Logical and analytical
Right hemisphere
Creative and emotional
MRI
Imaging technique showing brain structure
fMRI
Shows brain activity through blood flow
PET scan
Shows brain activity using radioactive glucose
EEG
Records brain waves