Chem Exam 1

10¹²

tera

10⁹

giga

10⁶

mega

10³

kilo

10^-1

deci

10^-2

centi

10^-3

milli

10^-6

micro

10^-9

nano

10^-12

pico

Diatomics

O2, N2, H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

What is resonance

Multiple ways of drawing same same Lewis structure by moving only electrons

When can you use an expanded octet

n=3 and beyond

When should you use an expanded octet

to lower formal charges when you have to

When is it ok to have less than an octet

When you have B or Be, or not enough electrons

What work are you expected to show when determining molecular geometry

• Lewis structure

• # of electron groups

• # of bonding groups

• Electron geometry

• Molecular geometry

What constitutes a bonding group

Any covalent bond (single double or triple)

What constitutes a non-bonding group

lone pairs or radicals

What is the difference between VESPR and Lewis model

VESPR is 3d, Lewis is 2d

Can a molecule contain polar bonds but still be nonpolar?

yes

What steps must you take to determine if a molecule is polar?

• Lewis

• VESPR

• Look at Dipoles

What are the hybrid orbitals you are expected to know for this class?

SP, SP², SP³

What is the relationship between electron groups and hybrid orbitals?

SP = 2 groups, SP²= 3 groups, SP³ = 4 groups

Geometry and hybridization associated with steric number of 2 (at least, for electron geometry)

Linear / SP

Geometry and hybridization associated with steric number of 3 (at least, for electron geometry)

Triangular / SP²

Geometry and hybridization associated with steric number of 4 (at least, for electron geometry)

Tetrahedral / SP³

Geometry and hybridization associated with steric number of 5 (at least, for electron geometry)

Trigonal Bipyramid / SP³D

Geometry and hybridization associated with steric number of 6 (at least, for electron geometry)

Octahedral / SP³D²