What is an American

The formal approval of the U.S constitution by the states. The constitution needed 9 of the 13 states to ratify it before it could take effect.

Ratification of the Constitution

Groups of people who share similar political beliefs and work together to influence government policies and elections.

Political Parties

A set of beliefs and ideas about how government and society should work

• World view

• Core beliefs

• True vs false

• Right vs wrong

Ideologies

A political party’s official set of beliefs, goals, and policies it supports.

• A list of issues

• how do you feel about? …

• We respond to this

Platforms

Supported ratifying the Constitution and wanted a stronger national government. Alexander Hamilton was a leading Federalist.

• Build the vote for the Constitution

• their opponent was Anti-Fed

• Convince ppl that this is good

Federalists

Worried that the new national government would have too much power and wanted stronger protections for individual rights.

Anti-Federalists

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison later helped form the Democratic-Republican party, which opposed many Federalist policies and favored greater state authority.

Republicans

The first 10 amendments to the U.S Constitution, ratified in 1791. They protect individual freedoms, including freedom of speech, religion, the press, and the right to a fair trial.

• Right to bear arms (example)

Bill of Rights

The first presidential administration of the United States, lasting from the 1789 to 1797. It established important precedents for how the new federal government would operate.

Washington Administration

The first president of the United States

• Won all 13 states

George Washington: President

Vice president, he served as Washington's vice president and later became the second president

• Runner up

John Adams: Vice President

Secretary of the Treasury, he managed financial policy, supported paying national debts, and proposed creating a national bank

Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury

He served as the first secretary of state under president George Washington. Supported states rights and a more limited federal government and disagree with Alexander Hamilton on many economic and political issues.

• Later became the third president of the U.S in 1801

Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State

The belief that America is unique among nations because of its history, democratic ideals, individual freedoms, and opportunities.

• America is considered unique

American Exceptionalism

The idea of what it means to be American, including shared values, beliefs, citizenship, freedom, and equality. After the American Revolution, people debated who should enjoy these rights because freedom and equality were not extended equally to everyone.

• What it means to be American

American Identity

The first Secretary of the Treasury who created an economic plan to strengthen the U.S economy and federal government.

• Raised in poverty

• grew up in Caribbean

• Accounting skills

Alexander Hamilton

An economic system in which a country tries to increase its wealth by exporting more goods than it imports and accumulating valuable resources.

Mercantilism

A plan to strengthen the national economy by paying national debts, having the federal government assume state debts, creating a national bank, and supporting American manufacturing.

Hamilton's economic plan

Hamilton's proposal for the federal government to take responsibility for debts that individual states had accumulated during the American Revolution.

Assumption of state debts

The total amount of money the federal government owes to creditors

National debt

People, banks, or institutions that lend money to others and expect repayment

Creditors

Taxes placed on specific goods produced or sold within a country. Hamilton supported an excise tax on whiskey to raise federal revenue

Excise taxes

The capital of the United States. The federal district was established during Washington's presidency, and the capital later became the permanent seat of the national government.

Washington D.C.

A national bank established in 1791 that helped the federal government manage money, collect taxes, and handle national debt.

Bank of the United States

Manufacturing is the production of goods from raw materials. Factories are buildings where workers and machines produce goods, often in large quantities.

Manufacturing/ factories

The group of people available to work in jobs, such as factory workers in manufacturing

Labor pool

Taxes on imported goods designed to make foreign products more expensive and help domestic manufacturers compete.

Protective Tariffs

The third president of the United States (1801-1809). He believed that an independent nation should be built around Republican government and an agrarian society of independent farmers.

• He Supported westward expansion

Thomas Jefferson

A permanent military force maintained during peacetime.

• Jefferson favored a limited military because he feared that a large standing army could threaten liberty and republican government. He supported a smaller military and naval force.

Military force/ standing army and navy

The belief that a nation of independent farmers would promote self-reliance, civic virtue, and political independence.

• Jefferson viewed farming as a foundation for a healthy republic

Agrarian ideal

Principles associated with Republican government, including Representative government, civic participation, liberty, public virtue, and opposition to concentrated political power

Republican values

Owning land was associated with economic independence and the ability to participate in public life.

• Jefferson believed independent landowners, particularly farmers, could help sustain a republic. However, these opportunities were unequal, especially for enslaved people, women, and indigenous people.

Land ownership

A law passed by congress under the Articles of Confederation that established a system for surveying and dividing western lands into townships and sections for sale.

• It helped organize settlement and raise money for the federal government. The Northwest Territory was land Northwest of the Ohio River, including parts of today's Midwest

• First where Americans go

Land Ordinance of 1785: Northwest Territory

In 1803, the United States purchased a vast territory from France for $15 million, approximately doubling the country’s size.

• Jefferson supported this purchase because it expanded access to farmland and the Mississippi River, although he faced constitutional questions about whether the federal government had the authority to acquire territory in this way.

Louisiana Purchase