Lipod first mid

Lipid class: fatty acid + alcohol only, no extra groups (e.g., TGs, waxes)

Simple lipids

Lipid class: fatty acid + alcohol + extra groups (phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins)

Compound lipids

Lipid class: steroids, fat soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, bile acids

Derived lipids

Fatty acid type: no double bonds, solid at room temp, raises LDL and CVD risk

Saturated (SFA)

Fatty acid type: one cis double bond (e.g., oleic acid), lowers LDL

MUFA

Fatty acid type: 2+ cis double bonds (e.g., linoleic acid), liquid at room temp

PUFA

Dietary lipids should provide what % of total daily calories?

20

Which lipid makes up 80

90% of total dietary lipids?

Dietary Guidelines: saturated fat limit (% calories) for healthy individuals

Dietary Guidelines: saturated fat limit (% calories) for people at risk of CAD

AHA heart

healthy saturated fat target (% daily energy)

Lipid digestion: bile salts are made in the liver and do what?

Emulsification

Lipid digestion enzyme: TG into 2 FFAs + 2

monoacylglycerol

Lipid digestion enzyme: phospholipid into FFA + lysophospholipid

Phospholipase A2

Lipid digestion enzyme: cholesteryl ester into free cholesterol + FFA

Cholesterol ester hydrolase

Lipid absorption: structure carrying digested lipids across the brush border

Mixed micelles

Inside enterocytes, absorbed FFAs + monoacylglycerols are rebuilt into what?

Triacylglycerols (re

After intestinal packaging, chylomicrons first enter which system?

Lymphatics

Normal total plasma lipids range (mg/dL)

400

Fasting time needed for accurate plasma lipid measurement

12 hours

Lipoprotein structure: hydrophobic core contains

TGs + cholesteryl esters

Which apoprotein activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?

Apo CII

Which apoprotein lets LDL bind the LDL receptor?

Apo B100

Chylomicron remnants are cleared by the liver via which apoprotein?

Apo E

Which lipoprotein is made by the liver and carries endogenous TGs?

VLDL

Order of lipoprotein conversion by LPL after VLDL release

VLDL to IDL to LDL

Approx % of LDL cleared by the liver (rest goes to extrahepatic tissues)

70%

Which lipoprotein delivers cholesterol to cells (cholesteryl ester rich)?

LDL

Enzyme in HDL that esterifies cholesterol during reverse cholesterol transport

LCAT

Lipoprotein with highest density and smallest size, does reverse cholesterol transport

HDL