DAIRY LAB

milking parlor

harvesting of milk occurs either manually or by the use of milking machines

milk room

beside or near the milking parlor where milk will be stored temporarily until it is brought to the nearest dairy plant for processing

storage rooms

concentrates and farm equipments

silos

storage of roughages, hay, or silage

milking machine

collects milk from the animals

bulk tank

temporary storage of harvested milk and reduces the temperature of the milk to around 4C

supply chain

responsible for producing and turning raw materials into finished goods and services delivered to the consumers

dry cow

cow not secreting milk after completing a lactation cycle following calving

small hold dairy farm

dairy farm that begins with 1-3 dairy animals with the goal of increasing the herd to 5-20 heads

commercial dairy farm

dairy farm which raises more than 20 milking animal

primary cooperative

organization of dairy farm producers which operates the collection center

secondary cooperative

operates the processing plant

mammary gland

most important part of a dairy cow

quarters

four mammary glands

arteries

nutrients needed for milk synthesis are carried by the blood from the heart to the udder

mammary veins

removes blood from the udder to the heart carrying the waste products left from milk synthesis as well as excess nutrients not utilized in the process

rump

contains the animal’s reproductive system as well as serving as the framework of the udder

pastern

shock absorber each time the animal walks

back part

conformation of vertebrates show effective support of the body during walking & standing

pelvic region

positioning and angle can be related to the ability of the cow to give birth at ease without having any complications

body part

wideness of the body indicates the ability of the cows to consume greater amount of feeds; greater amount, more precursor for the synthesis of milk

udder part

important part as it is directly related to milk synthesis

leg part

basis to determine the ability of the animal to carry its own weight especially during raising

streak canal

prevents milk leakage in between milkings and inhibits entry of bacteria and foreign materials

sphincter muscle

controls opening and closing of the streak canal; very important in milk collection and prevents entry of microbes

teat cistern

cavity within the teat located immediately above the streak canal

gland cistern

reservoir of milk coming from the secretory tissue

mammary ducts

drains milk from the alveoli to the gland cistern

alveoli

sac-like structures where milk synthesis and secretion occurs

epithelial cells

single layer of cells which synthesize nutrients into milk components

lumen

where milk synthesized by the epithelial cells are stored until time of milking

capillary network

surrounds each alveolus supplying blood and removes waste products and excess nutrients

myoepithelial cells

specialized muscle cells that contracts during milk ejection thru oxytocin

oxytocin

responsible for milk let-down

milking

extraction of milk from the mammary gland for the protection and nourishment of the young

milk let-down

occurs when nerves are activated when the teats of the cow are washed