Med terms chapter 3 - Skeletal

skeletal system

Bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid and bursae

red bone marrow

location on spongy bone and helps form blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells and thombocytes. Hematopoietic tissue.

calcium

stored in bones

ossification

fragile membranes turning into bone

osteoclast

cells break down old and damaged bone

osteoblast

rebuild bone

bone as connective tissue

2nd hardest tissue in body

dental enamel

hardest tissue

periosteum

tough fibrous tissue on outer, covering bone

peri

surrounding

oste

bone

compact/cortical bone

dense hard bone forming protective outer layer. 75% of bodies bone matter

medullary cavity

central cavity located in shaft of long bones surrounded by compact bone. red and yellow marrow is stored here

medullary

pertaining to innter section

endosteum

tissue lining medullary cavity

end

within

spongy/cancellous bone

porous, making it lighter and weaker. found in ends and inner portions of long bones and pelvic bone, ribs and vertebrae of spinal column. red bone marrow found here

long bones

major bones of arms and legs

short bones

wrist and ankle, cube shape, made of spongy bone

hematopoietic

pertaining to formation of blood cells

poietic

pertaining to formation

yellow bone marrow

fat storage area, composed of fat cells and located in medullary cavity of long bones. Most bone marrow is red at first and replaced by yellow

cartilage

smooth rubbery blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

articular cartilage

covers surface of bones where they come together to cover joints making smooth movement

articulate

come together

meniscus

curved fibrous cartilage found in joints

diaphysis

shaft of long bone

epiphyses

wider ends of long bone in like femurs of leg

Proximal epiphysis

end of bone nearest to midline

distal epiphysis

end location farthest form midline

foramen

opening in bone where blood vessels nerves and ligaments pass

foramen magnum

spinal cord passes through

process

normal projection on surgace of bone mostly serves as attachment for muscle or tendon

mastoid process

bony projection located in temporal bones

articulations

joints, union between 2 or more bones

fibrous joints

inflexible layer of dense connective tissue hold bone tightly together

fontanelles

soft spot on baby skull

cartilaginous joints

allow only slight movement and have bones connected entirely by cartilage

pubic symphysis

allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

synovial joints

two bones articulate to permit motion

ball and socket joints

hips shoulders allow wide range of motion

hinge joints

knee and elbows, synovial, move in one direction

synovial capsule

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue, sleeve surrounding joint

synovial membrane

lines capsule and secrete synovial fluid

synovial fluid

flows in cavity lube to allow smooth movement

ligaments

bands of fibrous tissue, form joints by connecting bone to bone or cartilage

bursa

fibrous sac acts as cushion to ease movement in areas with friction