physical activity / scope of practice

exercise

planned repetitive activity that enhances physical fitness and health

help prevent or delay development of many diseases and conditions such as cancer, cardiovas disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia

training

systematic exercise designed to prodduce specific adaptation

physical activity

any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure

physical fitness

attributes that support the ability to perform an activity, includes health and performance related components

cardiovas/cardioresp endurance, muscular strength, endurance, flexibility and bodily composition

key components of physical fitness

VO2 max

maximal oxygen consuption

measures maximum volume of oxygen taken in, transported, and used by muscles to produce energy

measured using incremental increases in speed, incline or both

higher value means athlete can consume more oxygen and deliver it to hard working muscles

overload

training that challenges the body beyond accustomed level, then allows recovery

focus on eccentric contractions ( lengthening of muscle, such as during bicep curl)

periodization

schedules training for a particular sport/event into smaller blocks of time

typically mapped over a long duration (4 years)

Macrocycle: months

mesocycle: weeks

microcycle: days

specificity

training adaptations and performance improvements are specific to type, intensity, and duration of training

detraining

Discontinuation of training that results in a loss of gains, and a return to pretrained physiological state

maintenance level programs are necessary to maintain trained state

cardioresp loss appear to be greater than loss of muscular strength and power

overtraining

excessive training that results in decreased performance, often followed by compensatory behavior of even more effort, which leads to more performance loss

overreaching

excessive training volume. usually occurs during periods of competition Results in short term performance decrements,

can be reversed in several days with proper training, nutrition (adequate fluid, carb/glycogen replenishment, protein synthesis),

S&S: fatigue, muscular fatigue, muscle tenderness, soreness, lack of concentration

overtraining syndrome

more serious than overreaching

causes long term performance impariement, takes several weeks/months to recover

complex because it results from physiological and mental abnormalities that stem from stress of competition, family social relationships and other life demands.

sports nutrition

branch of nutrition that integrates parts of nutrition science exercise physiology, and athletes training demandse

evidence based practice

integrates best available research w/ professional expertise and individual context.

prioritize by replicability, appropriate study designs, and multitude of related studies