Unit 1

Trimurti

The three most important gods in Hinduism, Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer). These gods represent the cyclical nature of the universe—creation, preservation, and destruction. They are often depicted together in art and are a central concept in Hindu cosmology.

Dharma

A foundational concept in Hinduism that means "duty," "ethics," or "moral law." It refers to the individual's purpose and responsibilities in life, which are believed to uphold the order of the cosmos.

Mandir

A Hindu temple; the sacred space dedicated to the worship of a particular deity or group of deities. It serves as a focal point for community worship, rituals, and festivals. The word means "abode of a god."

Puja

The central ritual of Hindu worship, involving prayer, offerings, and the veneration of a deity. The word means "reverence, honor, or adoration." It can be performed in a temple or at a home shrine.

Murti

A statue, image, or icon of a deity. Hindus believe that the divine presence inhabits the murti after it has been properly consecrated, making it a focal point for worship.

Arti

A ritual of worship that involves the waving of lighted wicks in a clockwise motion before a deity. It is a ceremony of light and is often accompanied by the singing of hymns.

Mantra

A sacred utterance, word, or phrase, often in Sanskrit, that is chanted during worship or meditation. Mantras are believed to have spiritual power and aid in concentration. A very famous mantra is the sound "Om" or "Aum.

Prasad

A food offering made to a deity during a puja ceremony. After the offering has been made, the food is considered blessed and is shared among the devotees. The term literally means "gift" or "grace."

Sanskrit

An ancient Indo-European language, in which Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.

Deity

Supernatural being, such as a God or Goddess

Secular

Worldly, separate from religion.