Biology

What is cellular respiration?

the process where cells break down glucose to release energy

where does cellular respiration happen? add examples

in every living cells, plants, animals, fungi and bacteria

where does this chemical reaction occur?

a chemical reaction that happens inside the microscopic mitochondria inside your cells

word equation:

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

what is anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration is the chemical process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the absence of oxygen

why does this happen?

It happens when oxygen cannot be supplied fast enoughehre w

where does it happen?

in the cytoplasm- the liquid part of the cell

lactic acid fermentation equation: (humans and animals)

glucose → lactic acid → small amount of energy

alcoholic fermentation: (in yeast and plants)

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy

define the circulatory system

the bodys delivery system

what is this system made up of?

made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood

what happens?

the circulatory system takes oxygen from your lungs and digest nutrients from your guts into the blood.

what else does this system do?

• delivers signs throughout the body such as thirst, hunger

what are the main components of the circulatory system?

• heart

• blood vessels

• blood

List information about the heart:

• the heart is the motor of the body that pumps blood around

• it is made of muscle and pumps continuously

• the heart is the natural pacemaker of the body and sets the rhythm of the heartbeat

List information about blood vessels:

• the blood vessels are the highways for bloods, nutrients and water

• they spread out from the heart as large vessels called arteries

• these networks reach evert cell in the body

• the capillaries rejoin into large veins, that eventually returns blood to your heart

List information about blood:

• the blood is the traffic in the highway (blood vessels)

• blood has a fluid (plasma) and is solid (blood cells)

• the plasma carries dissolved nutrients and wastes, also hormones

• most of oxygen is carried ny red blood cells

what is the cardiovascular system?

the vital network that pumps blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing water

what organs are involved in this system?

• heart

• blood vessels

• blood

what components to the right side of the heart?

• right atrium

• tricuspid valve

• right ventricle

• pulmonary valve

what is the right atrium?

the upper chamber that collects used, oxygen poor blood coming back from the blood

what is the tricuspid valve?

a one-way door between the upper and lower chamber that stops blood from flowing backwards

what is the right ventricle?

the lower chamber that squeezes to push blood out towards the lungs

what is the pulmonary valve?

a one-way door that lets blood leave the heart and enter the lungs without flowing back

what components to the left side of heart?

• the left atrium

• left ventricle

• mitral valve

• aortic valve

• pulmonary valce

• aorta

what is the left atrium?

the upper left chamber that receives oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs

what is the left ventricle

the thick, muscular lower-left chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the rest of the body

what is the mitral valve

the one way door between the left atrium and left ventricle

what is the aortic ventricle?

the one way door between the left ventricle and the aorta

what is the pulmonary valve?

four vessels (2 from each lung) that carries oxygenated blood into the left attrium

what is the aorta?

takes the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

what is osmosis?

the movement of water through a membrane, from where there is more water to where there is less water

when does osmosis happen?

osmosis happens when solutes, such as salt moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

what is the nervous system?

the body communication network collecting sensory information, process it and coordinates direct responses throughout the body

what is the central nervous system?CNS

consists of the brain and spinal cord. it acts as the central centre that process information and sends out instructions

what is the peripheral nervous system? PNS

consists of all the nerves branching off from the spinal cords to the rest of the body, its relays messages between organs and the CNS

what are the 3 main structures of the brain?

cerebrum, cellebrum and brainstem

what is the cerebrum?

the cerebrum is repsonvile for higher-level thinking, memory, emotion, voulantary movement and processing senses.

what are the four distinct loves?

• frontal lobe

• parietal lobe

• temporal love

• oppicital love

what does the frontal lobe control?

controls: decision making, problem soiling, planning, presonlity and reasoning

what does the parietal lobe control?

controls: processing senses input (touch, pain, temperature, spatial awareness)

what does the temporal lobe control?

controls: hearing, speech comprehension, long term memories

what does the occipital lobe control?

controls: processing visual information from the eyes (shape, colour, movement)

where is the cerebellum located?

located at lower back of the brain below brain beneath the cerebrum

what does it control?

• coordination

• posture, body balance

• fine motor skills

• reflexes

were is the brainstem located

connects the cerebellum to the cerebrum directly to the spinal cord

what does the brainstem control?

• autonomic survival instincts

• relflex actions

where is the diencephalon located?

located deep within the centre of the brain

what is the thalamus?

the brains ‘relay systems’, directing incoming sensory signal to the correct lobe of the cerebrum

what is does thenhypothalamus control?

• body temp

• hunger

• thirst

• sleep cycles

• controls the pituitary gland