Pediatric Language Disorders Midterm Review

Which intermediate goal should be targeted first when using PMT for a child who does not use vocalizations or gestures to communicate?

a. Combine coordinated eye gaze with simultaneous pointing

b. Establish routines to serve as the context for communication

c. Increase the spontaneity of conventional gestures

b

Which is a domain of language?

a. motor planning of articulation

b. voice quality

c. fluency

d. morphology

d

Which behaviors are examples of a child’s intentional communication?

a. signing “again” while looking at a parent

b. handing an object to a parent and vocalizing

c. smiling at a toy lighting up without looking away from it

d. examining a toy while playing alone

a, b

On average, when does a typically developing infant first produce a real word?

a. 6 months old

b. 18 months old

c. 24 months old

d. 12 months old

d

Fill in the blank: Infants use statistical ________ to segment single words from a stream of speech by tracking the ________ probabilities between syllables.

learning, transitional

Which maternal utterance is telegraphic?

a. Where’s the spoon?

b. Here is your spoon.

c. Where spoon?

d. Give me the spoon.

c

True or false: Ritualized gestures are an example of intentional communication.

True

If a child produces [ta͡ʊɚ] for shower, what phonological process is this?

stopping of fricatives

If a child produces [wɔt] for watch, what phonological process is this?

stopping of affricates

If a child produces [sɛd] for shed, what phonological process is this?

palatal fronting

If a child produces [bʌ] for bug, what phonological process is this?

final consonant deletion

If a child produces [tim] for steam, what phonological process is this?

cluster reduction

Which of the following verbs represents third person, singular number, and present tense?

a. needed

b. am

c. want

d. wants

d

True or false: Typically-developing 18-month-old toddlers make use of articles (e.g., a, the) they hear in child-directed speech as cues to whether a subsequent noun is proper or common.

True

How many morphemes are in the child utterance below?

I looking for Peppa.

5

A child is eligible for Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching if his or her chronological age is between _______ and 54 months, and his or her developmental age is between 9 and 16 months.

12

A child is eligible for Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching if his or her chronological age is between 12 and _______ months, and his or her developmental age is between 9 and 16 months.

54

A child is eligible for Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching if his or her chronological age is between 12 and 54 months, and his or her developmental age is between _______ and 16 months.

9

A child is eligible for Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching if his or her chronological age is between 12 and 54 months, and his or her developmental age is between 9 and _______ months.

16

True or false: Typically developing 5 y/o pass a first-order theory of mind test (e.g., the Sally/Anne test) less than 20% of the time.

False

An SLP graduate clinician administers the CELF-P3 to her client, Aiden. Which statement below reflects information she could have gathered without using Aiden’s age?

a. Aiden’s percentile rank on the Sentence Structure subtest was 50th.

b. Aiden’s scaled score on the Word Structure subtest was 10.

c. Aiden’s z-score on the Recalling Sentences subtest was 0.

d. Aiden’s raw score on the Expressive Vocabulary subtest was 20.

d

What kind of precursor skill is related to the development of this linguistic behavior?

commenting

proto-declaratives

What kind of precursor skill is related to the development of this linguistic behavior?

requesting

proto-imperatives

What kind of precursor skill is related to the development of this linguistic behavior?

producing words with adult-like pronunciation

proto-words

What kind of precursor skill is related to the development of this linguistic behavior?

producing vowels and consonants

vocal play

For whom would responsivity education (RE) be appropriate?

a. Parents of a child who uses limited intentional communication

b. A child who frequently uses intentional communication

c. Parents of a child who frequently makes eye contact but does not produce words or imitate sounds

d. A child who uses limited intentional communication

a, c

The sentence, "Me stuck" has a pronoun case error because an adult would say "I am stuck," and me is an object case pronoun whereas I is a subject case pronoun. View the chart and notice that me is in the "case" row labeled "object" and I is in the "case" row labeled "subject".

Using the chart, choose the sentence below that also has a pronoun case error.

a. They’re falling over again.

b. These cookies mine.

c. Want this one.

d. Him need help.

d

A clinician introduces a new box of toys, and the child shows interest in the box. The clinician waits expectantly. The child does not request the box, so the clinician says, "Tell me what you want." Which intervention is being used?

a. focused stimulation

b. prompt for eye contact

c. responsive labeling

d. prelinguistic milieu teaching

d

Fill in the blank: In this video, the clinician is targeting coordinated eye gaze. She uses at least two specific PMT techniques for this intermediate goal. First, when she says "Looking!" she is using the technique called _______. Then, when the clinician allows the seat to swing, she is using a different technique, providing the desired action.

prompting for eye contact

Fill in the blank: In this video, the clinician is targeting coordinated eye gaze. She uses at least two specific PMT techniques for this intermediate goal. First, when she says "Looking!" she is using the technique called prompting for eye contact. Then, when the clinician allows the seat to swing, she is using a different technique, _______.

providing the desired action

A clinician is using PMT to target establishing routines. The client has shown interest in a toy drum by touching it and pushing it from the sides. Which procedure is the clinician using if she shows the client how the drum works by banging the drum with a drumstick three times?

a. gestural imitation

b. vocal model

c. motor model

d. linguistic prompt

c

Milieu teaching draws from three theoretical perspectives, one of which is behavior theory. In behavior theory, children learn language in an antecedent-behavior-consequence paradigm. First, a caregiver presents a stimulus such as a mand or a model. Next, the child responds. Then, the caregiver reinforces the child's communicative act by providing a desired object or action. Which phrase is the correct antecedent?

a. Father: “Do you want water or juice?”

b. Child: “Juice.”

c. Father: hands over empty cup saying nothing

d. Father: “You want the juice.” hands over juice

a

Milieu teaching draws from three theoretical perspectives, one of which is behavior theory. In behavior theory, children learn language in an antecedent-behavior-consequence paradigm. First, a caregiver presents a stimulus such as a mand or a model. Next, the child responds. Then, the caregiver reinforces the child's communicative act by providing a desired object or action. Which phrase is the correct behavior?

a. Father: “Do you want water or juice?”

b. Child: “Juice.”

c. Father: hands over empty cup saying nothing

d. Father: “You want the juice.” hands over juice

b

Milieu teaching draws from three theoretical perspectives, one of which is behavior theory. In behavior theory, children learn language in an antecedent-behavior-consequence paradigm. First, a caregiver presents a stimulus such as a mand or a model. Next, the child responds. Then, the caregiver reinforces the child's communicative act by providing a desired object or action. Which phrase is the correct consequence?

a. Father: “Do you want water or juice?”

b. Child: “Juice.”

c. Father: hands over empty cup saying nothing

d. Father: “You want the juice.” hands over juice

d

An SLP is working with a mother whose 35-month-old son has a diagnosis of ASD. The SLP encourages the mother to responsively label her son's actions by providing verbs such as "push," "open," or "dig" at the same time he is performing those actions. The SLP's suggestion is based on studies that have found a positive relationship between a certain maternal measure and children's later communicative success. What is that measure?

a. syntactic complexity

b. semantic contingency

c. directiveness

d. speech rate

b

Linguistic mapping means providing a real word when a ______ child produces a non-linguistic vocalization, whereas recasting means providing a real word or words when a child produces a real word.

prelinguistic

Linguistic mapping means providing a real word when a prelinguistic child produces a non-linguistic vocalization, whereas ______ means providing a real word or words when a child produces a real word.

recasting

PMT is more appropriate for a child who: rarely initiates or uses a couple words per turn?

rarely initiates

PMT is more appropriate for a child who: has a vocabulary of 50 words or infrequently uses intentional communication?

infrequently uses intentional communication

EMT is more appropriate for a child who: rarely initiates or uses a couple words per turn?

uses a couple words per turn

PMT is more appropriate for a child who: has a vocabulary of 50 words or infrequently uses intentional communication?

has a vocabulary of 50 words

Both EMT and PMT are appropriate for children with:

a. an MLU of 3.00

b. Down Syndrome

c. <1 behavior regulator per minute

Using the guidelines of prelinguistic milieu teaching, which intermediate goal is targeted by modeling a sound within the child's sound repertoire when the vocalizations are not part of a communicative act?

a. increasing nonlinguistic vocalizations

b. increasing non-conventional gestures

c. increasing coordinated eye gaze

d. increasing conventional gestures

a

What is the appropriate semantic relation for this utterance?

Feel baby.

action + object

What is the appropriate semantic relation for this utterance?

Big belly.

attribute + entity

What is the appropriate semantic relation for this utterance?

Baby kick.

agent + action

Conventional or unconventional action for 9- to 16- month old?

point to a distal object with index finger extended

conventional

Conventional or unconventional action for 9- to 16- month old?

proximal point with touching of object

unconventional

Conventional or unconventional action for 9- to 16- month old?

showing objects

unconventional

Conventional or unconventional action for 9- to 16- month old?

reaching for objects

unconventional

Conventional or unconventional action for 9- to 16- month old?

headshake

conventional

True or false: Specific PMT episodes should be brief positive, and embedded in naturalistic interactions.

True

What does AAC stand for?

augmentative and alternative communication

What is the term for: an area of clinical practice that supplements or compensates for impairments in speech-language production and/or comprehension, including spoken and written modes of communication?

AAC

What are tools and techniques included in the use of AAC?

technology devices, manual signs, gestures, finger spelling, tangible objects, line drawings, picture communication boards

How many domains of language are there?

5

What are the domains of language?

phonology, semantics, morphology, syntax, pragmatics

What is the term for: the study of how speech sounds are organized, patterned, and used to convey meaning within a language?

phonology

What is the term for: the understanding and use of meaning in words, phrases, and sentences?

semantics

What is the term for: the study of form and structure of language?

morphology

What is the term for: study of the architecture of phrases, clauses, and sentences?

syntax

What is the term for: study of how context and social interaction help people understand the real meaning behind words, going beyond their literal definitions?

pragmatics

At what age do children start marking tense as an adult?

5 years

When does canonical babbling traditionally start?

6 months

What kind of babbling is repeated identical CV syllables? [mamama]

reduplicated

What kind of babbling is varied CV syllables? [mabigu]

variegated

In variegated babbling, what are the CV words called (if not consonants and vowels)?

contoids, vocoids

Why are CV words called contoids and vocoids in variegated babbling and not consonants and vowels?

their productions lack intention

At ______ , infants viewing one adult saying /a/ and one saying /i/ will look at the correct face matching the sound they hear. Their cooing even changes to become more like /a/ or /i/.

4 months

What intention do proto-interrogatives have?

requesting for information

What intention do proto-imperatives have?

requesting an action; behavior regulators

What intention do proto-declaritives have?

commenting

What is the term for: when babies can track how often multisyllabic words occur in an artificial language?

statistical learning

What is the term for: when babies take statistics to hone phoneme categories?

phonemic discrimination

By ______ , babies lose the ability to perceive other languages.

10 months

At what age do babies realize pointing is a communicative strategy?

after 1 year

What is the term for: when older infants point at objects, look at caregiver, then look back at the object while vocalizing?

triadic gaze

What is the term for: child’s ability to know the meaning of a word after only one exposure and then understand the word at a later point in time?

fast mapping

What is the term for: child’s ability to modify word meaning with additional experiences?

extended mapping

When a child says “milk” but means “bring me my milk”, what is this called?

holophrase

What is the most common communication disorder in children?

developmental language disorder

Theory of Mind Development: sharing eye gaze, facial expression, gestures

infancy

Theory of Mind Development: using another’s emotions for information

8-12 months

Theory of Mind Development: symbolic play/representation

18 months

Theory of Mind Development: telling short narratives with mental state verbs

2-3 years old

Theory of Mind Development: first order theory of mind

4 years old

Theory of Mind Development: second order theory of mind

6 years old

Theory of Mind Development: third order theory of mind

7+ years old

Theory of Mind Development: predicting what one person thinks another person thinks?

second order

Theory of Mind Development: knowing that one person is aware that the other person has a false belief?

third order

PMT or EMT: designed for limited communication, function of a 9-16 month old?

PMT

To be intentional, children must ______ that they are trying to vocalize or gesture to elicit a parent reaction.

understand

PMT or EMT: designed for children who frequently use intentional communication and are ready to expand to words and/or sentences?

EMT

What is the term for: for parents of children receiving either PMT or EMT who want to learn how to respond to a child’s communicative acts?

responsivity education

What theory: communicative skills are developed through practice interactions with adults; these interactions are reciprocal?

transactional model of social communication

What is the term for: giving a child a word they don’t yet know but it builds off an intentional communication vocalization?

linguistic mapping

What are the PMT goals?

establish routines, increase vocalizations, increase eye contact, increase gestures, combine vocalizations/eye contact/gestures

What are PMT principles of intervention?

arrange the environment, follow the child’s attentional lead

What are PMT principal procedures?

prompts, models, natural consequences

What is it called when the child’s attention alternates between the adult and something of interest?

coordinated eye gaze