ANA124: Introduction to Anatomical Terminology & Regions

Flashcards covering anatomical terminology, levels of organization, histology, skeletal regions, body cavities, membranes, etymology, and abdominal quadrants based on ANA124 lecture notes.

Anatomy

The study related to the structures of the body and their various functions.

Levels of Structural Organization

The hierarchy of body structure consisting of cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism levels.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissues at the cellular level, including epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous, and blood tissues.

Organ

Structures comprised of more than one type of tissue that have specific functions and recognizable shapes with variations.

Organism

The living being comprised of all the preceding structural components working together.

Axial Skeleton

The core anatomical division comprising the head, spine, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton

The division of the skeletal system comprising the upper and lower extremities (limbs).

Etymology

An explanation of where words arose from and what they were meant to represent, rather than a strict anatomical definition.

CONTRA (Etymology)

Derived from Latin meaning against, over against, opposite, on the opposite side, on the contrary, or contrariwise.

LATERAL (Etymology)

Derived from Latin lateralis ('belonging to the side'), originating from latus (genitive lateris).

FLEXION (Etymology)

Originating c. 1600 as 'bent part', from Latin flexionem (nominative flexio) meaning a bending, swaying, bend, turn, or curve, from flectere ('to bend').

GLUTEUS (Etymology)

Derived from Modern Latin glutaeus, originating from Greek gloutos meaning 'the rump', or in plural 'the buttocks'.

CUNEIFORM (Etymology)

Meaning 'wedge-shaped', derived from French cunéiforme (16c.) and Latin cuneus ('a wedge, wedge-shaped thing').

STERNUM (Etymology)

Derived from Greek sternon meaning 'chest, breast, breastbone'.

Pleural Cavity

The subdivision of the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs.

Pericardial Cavity

The subdivision of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart.

Abdominal Cavity

The body cavity containing internal organs including the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, spleen, and pancreas.

Pelvic Cavity

The inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the reproductive organs.

Parietal Membrane

The layer of a serous membrane located closest to the wall of the body cavity.

Visceral Membrane

The layer of a serous membrane located closest to the surface of the organ.

Serous Membrane

A double-layered membrane lining body cavities and covering organs, forming visceral and parietal layers analogous to an underinflated balloon surrounding a fist.

Abdominal Quadrants

Four divisions of the abdomen (Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant) formed by the intersection of the median line and transumbilical line.