Modules 4–5: Fundamental Powers of the State & Declaration of Principles

Flashcards covering essential constitutional provisions and statutory bases for the fundamental powers of the state, declaration of principles, and state policies.

Art. III, Sec. 1 (Due Process / Equal Protection)

Provides that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process, nor denied equal protection of the laws.

Art. III, Sec. 9 (Eminent Domain)

Mandates that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Art. VI, Sec. 28(1) (Taxation)

Provides that the rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable, and Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation.

Art. VI, Sec. 28(3) (Tax Exemption)

States that charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents, mosques, and cemeteries actually, directly, and exclusively used for specified purposes are exempt from taxation.

Art. XIV, Sec. 4(3) (Educational Institutions Tax Exemption)

Provides that all revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions actually, directly, and exclusively used for educational purposes are exempt from taxes and duties.

Art. X, Sec. 5 (LGU Taxation)

Empowers LGUs to create their own sources of revenues and levy taxes, fees, and charges subject to congressional guidelines and limitations.

LGC Sec. 16 (General Welfare Clause)

Allows LGUs to exercise powers necessary, appropriate, and incidental to efficient governance and promotion of the general welfare.

LGC Sec. 19 (LGU Eminent Domain)

Authorizes an LGU to exercise eminent domain for public use or purpose through its authorized officials and ordinance, upon payment of just compensation and compliance with statutory requirements.

Rule 67 (Expropriation)

Governs judicial proceedings for the exercise of eminent domain.

Art. II, Sec. 1 (Republic / Popular Sovereignty)

Affirms that the Philippines is democratic and republican; sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

Art. II, Sec. 2 (Peace / International Law)

Declares that the Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts generally accepted principles of international law, and adheres to peace.

Art. II, Sec. 3 (Civilian Supremacy)

Establishes that civilian authority is at all times supreme over the military.

Art. II, Sec. 4 (Defense of State)

States that the prime duty of Government is to serve and protect the people, and the people may be called to defend the State.

Art. II, Sec. 5 (Peace, Order, General Welfare)

Declares that Government shall protect life, liberty, property and promote the general welfare.

Art. II, Sec. 6 (Church-State Separation)

Establishes that the separation of Church and State is inviolable.

Art. II, Sec. 7 (Foreign Policy)

Mandates that the State shall pursue an independent foreign policy.

Art. II, Sec. 8 (Nuclear Weapons)

Adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in Philippine territory, consistent with national interest.

Art. II, Sec. 9 (Social Order)

Declares that the State shall promote a just and dynamic social order with adequate social services and opportunities.

Art. II, Sec. 10 (Social Justice)

Provides that the State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.

Art. II, Sec. 11 (Human Dignity)

States that the State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

Art. II, Sec. 12 (Family / Unborn)

Recognizes the sanctity of family life and protects the life of the mother and the unborn from conception.

Art. II, Sec. 13 (Youth)

Recognizes the vital role of youth in nation-building and promotes their well-being.

Art. II, Sec. 14 (Women / Equality)

Recognizes women's role in nation-building and ensures fundamental equality before the law of women and men.

Art. II, Sec. 15 (Health)

Declares that the State shall protect and promote the right to health and health consciousness.

Art. II, Sec. 16 (Ecology)

Directs the State to protect and advance the right to a balanced and healthful ecology.

Art. II, Sec. 17 (Education)

Provides that the State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts and culture, and sports.

Art. II, Sec. 18 (Labor)

Affirms labor as a primary social economic force and protects workers' rights and welfare.

Art. II, Sec. 19 (National Economy)

Mandates that the State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.

Art. II, Sec. 20 (Private Sector)

Recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector and encourages private enterprise.

Art. II, Sec. 21 (Rural Development / Agrarian Reform)

Provides that the State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.

Art. II, Sec. 22 (Indigenous Communities)

States that the State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities.

Art. II, Sec. 23 (NGOs)

Directs the State to encourage non-governmental, community-based and sectoral organizations that promote national welfare.

Art. II, Sec. 24 (Communication / Information)

Recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building.

Art. II, Sec. 25 (Local Autonomy)

Mandates that the State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.

Art. II, Sec. 26 (Public Service)

Guarantees equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibits political dynasties as defined by law.

Art. II, Sec. 27 (Anti-Graft)

Provides that the State shall maintain honesty and integrity in public service and take effective measures against graft and corruption.

Art. II, Sec. 28 (Public Disclosure)

Adopts a policy of full public disclosure of transactions involving public interest, subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law.

Art. III, Sec. 7 (Right to Information)

Guarantees the people's right to information on matters of public concern, subject to limitations provided by law.

Art. XI, Sec. 1 (Public Office as Public Trust)

Affirms that public office is a public trust; public officers must be accountable, responsible, and serve with integrity, loyalty, and efficiency.

Art. XII, Sec. 2 (Natural Resources)

Declares that natural resources belong to the State and their exploration, development, and utilization are under State control and supervision.