CPR/First Aid/Stop the Bleed test

How can diseases be transmitted and what disease is of specific concern?

Diseases can be air-borne or blood-borne and HIV is the biggest concern.

What does PPE stand for and what is it?

Personal Protection Equipment; provides a barrier between you & the patient

Unavoidable risk factors for CVD:

Gender(men), age, and heredity.

The Links in the Chain of Survival:

1- Early access to care 2- Early CPR 3- Early Defibrillation 4- Early advanced cardiac life support 5- Integrated post-arrest care

Where do you check for a pulse in adults & children?

Carotid artery (neck)

Where do you check a pulse for infants?

Brachial artery (arm)

Without oxygen, when do brain cells begin to die?

4-6 minutes

What does “BE FAST” help recognize?

Stroke symptoms: including Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, and Time.

What do you do first on the emergency scene?

Evaluate the scene for hazards.

What do you look for when checking for signs of breathing in an unresponsive patient?

Rise & fall of the chest and a pulse in no longer than 10 seconds.

What do you do for an unresponsive but breathing patient w/o a suspected spinal injury?

Place in the recovery position, monitor & wait for help to arrive.

How do you open the airway for patients in respiratory arrest?

Head tilt-chin lift maneuver

How do you open the airway for patients in respiratory arrest WITH a suspected spinal injury?

Jaw thrust maneuver

What is the chest compression-rescue breathing ratio?

30:2

How do you begin an assessment of a motionless patient?

Check responsiveness by tapping the patient on the shoulder and shouting, “Are you okay?”

If a patient has a pulse, but no breathing, how often should you give rescue breathing? (Children, adults)

One breath every 3 to 5 seconds for children, one breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults. Deliver with 1 second breaths.

How should you begin CPR?

Chest compressions

Who is CPR indicated in?

An unresponsive patient who is not breathing (or agonal gasps)

What are some signs of poor perfusion?

Blue lips, cold, pale & clammy skin, and a bluish-purplish tint to lips and fingernails.

Where should a patient lay before performing CPR?

A hard, flat surface/backboard

Where do you place your hands in CPR? (Adult)

Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest and the other on top and lock your fingers together.

How deep should your compressions go in adult CPR?

Compress 2-2.4 inches into the sternum.

In what 4 scenarios do you stop CPR?

Continue cycle until a defibrillator arrives, the patient is responsive, someone comes to help, or you’re too exhausted in giving effective compressions.

Where do you place your hands in child CPR?

Place the heel of one hand in the center of chest, use two hands on larger children.

In child CPR, how far do you compress the chest?

1/3 (2in) anteroposterior depth of the chest.

Compression-ventilation ratio on adults, and children during two person CPR

Adults 30:2 Children 15:2

How often should two rescuers switch functions?

Every 2 minutes

Should you pause compressions to deliver breaths?

NO!!!

What is a common cause of choking in unresponsive patients?

The tongue

Signs of severe airway obstruction

A patient cannot speak, cough, cry, or breathe. May become cyanotic

What should you perform if a patient cannot talk?

Perform abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich Maneuver)

Who should you perform chest thrusts on?

Obese or later stage pregnant patients.

If you’re performing infant CPR with two rescuers, what is the compression-breath ratio?

15:2

In a responsive infant with airway obstruction, what do you perform?

5 back slaps then 5 chest thrusts. Open the airway and look inside the mouth, if you don’t see the object, resume chest compressions

Do you use an AED on patients in vfib and vtach?

Yes!!!

For each minute that defibrillation is delayed, a victim’s chance of survival is decreased by as much as ______.

10%

An AED is applied only to a patient in ________ ______.

Cardiac arrest

Can you continue CPR while an AED is being applied?

Yes, move when it shocks the chest.

When should an AED be applied on children?

After the first 5 cycles of CPR