Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Speaking and Speaking Confidently

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, communication models, public speaking history, and strategies for managing speaking anxiety.

Public Speaking

The process of presenting a message to an audience.

Public Speaking vs. Conversation

Public speaking differs from conversation by being more prepared, more formal, and having more clearly defined roles for participants.

Empowerment

A key benefit of studying public speaking that provides resources, information, attitudes, and critical thinking skills.

Communication

The process of stimulating meaning in the minds of others through verbal and nonverbal means, characterized as symbolic and an action.

Linear Model of Communication

A one-way communication model where a sender transmits a message through a channel affected by noise to receiver(s).

Interactive Model of Communication

A circular model of communication that incorporates two-way elements: feedback and context, alongside encoding and decoding by sender and receiver.

Transactive Model of Communication

A communication model where individuals send and receive messages simultaneously while observing audience responses within relational, situational, and cultural contexts.

Purposes of Public Speaking

The three main goals of public speaking: to inform, persuade, or entertain.

Audience-Centered Model of Speechmaking

A speech creation model that emphasizes considering the audience at every step of designing and presenting a speech.

Public-Speaking Anxiety

A form of communication apprehension influenced by trait and state factors, fear of humiliation/failure, preparation concerns, personal insecurity, and perfectionism.

Pattern of Public-Speaking Anxiety

A predictable anxiety trend where anxiety spikes when a speech assignment is given and peaks right when beginning the speech, while being lowest during preparation.

Positive Visualization

A confidence-building strategy where a speaker mentalizes giving a successful presentation to reduce fear and improve performance.

Mental Pep Talk

A cognitive technique for replacing negative, anxiety-inducing thoughts with positive self-talk before and during a speech.

Four Steps of Speech Planning and Delivery

The sequential processes required for speech delivery: 1. Research, 2. Organize, 3. Practice, 4. Deliver.