Art of the Middles Ages; Romanesque Art Midterm #4 IDD2241

Lol

Medieval Art:

• Europe

• 6th-9th AD

• Middle Ages

• Barbarians fully occupy Europe properly

Romanesque Art

11th AD

Gothic Art

12th-13th AD

Sutton Hoo Treasure: Ship Burial

625

• 89ft long, 14ft wide

• no wood survives but bronze rivets

• One body found: Raedwald

  • King of the Anglo Saxons

  • and a bunch of his treasure

Sutton Hoo Treasure: general facts

All small and transportable

• All made of metal

• Lots of Interlacing and Cloisonne

Sutton Hoo Treasure: Helmet of Beowulf

Left: OG, Right: Re-created

• 625 Helmet

• Beowulf story (Grendel and everything)

  • Warrior Code: heroic action, responsibility, allegiance

• ==🟠Interlacing pattern

• ==🟠Cloisonne

Sutton Hoo Treasure: Anglo-Saxon purse lid

Purse lid

• would've been attached to leather or textile pouch

• Made of gold (they valued it)

• Cloisonne

  • wire: outlines for objects (gold)

    • Interlace patterning

      • woven like wool or leather

  • enamel: ground glass paste (looks like gemstone)

• Eagle(maybe Roman) or Duck subduing a smaller bird

  • warrior like story

  • was interlace patterning

• Heraldic composition

  • hero subduing animals

Oseberg ship burial, Norway (Viking), 825:

71 ft long

• Oak Wood

• In The Viking Ship Museum, Oslo

• Interlacing Patterning out of wood

  • Animals (Dragons)

(related to Oseberg ship burial)

• Viking animal head masts/posts

• References to dog

  • interlace pattern

Lindisfarne Gospel, frontispiece, “carpet page”:

Mathew, Mark, Luke, John (Gospels)

• 7th century

• The carpet page looks like a woven textile

  • Cruciform shape

  • Interlace patterning (Ink)

  • Animal (eye and stuff - bird) (Holy dove)

(Backround/context)

• Need for transportable books

• Many migratory tribes converted to Christianity

  • Parts of the Bible

• Frontispiece

  • Cover

  • ==Cloisonne

  • ==Cruciform Shape

  • ==Interlace Patterning

• ==Manuscript Illumination

  • scriptoria - monks assigned copying the Bible

  • ==prototypes: "Making clear"

    • not adding change to the imagery

  • Used Pricking Tools (piercing)

Romanesque Art + Architecture 11th Cent (Backround/context)

Basilica Plan

• Tradic symbolism

• The Crusades

  • military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church

  • gain access to the Holy Land and Jerusalem

  • bring back artifacts(relics) from the Holy Land

    • encased in Reliquaries distributed throughout European Catholic Churches

    • Pilgrimage (Churches)

    • Churches symbolize reliquaries for the reliquaries

  • connected to the life of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other saints

• Brought back wood from cross (crown of thorns)

Romanesque Churches: (General)

Large - house many pilgrims

• constructed out of stone/stonemasonry: symbolized "stone box"

• no concrete (the imperial Roman formula is lost)

• Basilica Cruciform

• triadic

  • triforium: three part stacking

• Roman Arch

  • rounded

    

• Barrel Vault

  • Horizontal Stretch of arches

  • No mosaics cuz they're boring ("Protective" to show the stone or whatever)

• Groin Vault (who chose this name)

  

  • intersection at right angles of 2 barrel vaults

  • 233

  • subdivides weight of materials (transfers weight into 4-8 sections)

  • 354

Romanesque Basilica Plan

• Radiating Chapel: Relics

• Ambulatory: Pilgrimage Route

• Portal Narthex: Beginning of Pilgrimage

S. Sernin, Toulouse,  France, 1070-1120:

Cruciform, Ribbed Barrel Vaulting, Stone Masonry, Round "Roman Arch"

• Pilgrimage route

• Ribbed Barrel Vaults

  • 100ft tall and out of stone

• Triforium Wall (3 arches stacked) (Triadic)

• Reliquary

Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine Psalter, 1160-1170:

• Manuscript illumination

• first letter of a word in a text would get an interlace patterning (js a rly fancy letter)

  • Rounded Roman Arch influence

• Book of Psalms

  • Eadwine the Scribe doing engraving

• Architecture and other elements used:

  • ==🟣Romanesque Rounded "Roman Arch" used above his head

  • ==🟣Romanesque triforium wall (he's sitting on it)

  • Interlace patterning

Gothic Art and Architecture 12th-13th (Backround/context)

• All of other Crusades after the first one

  • (2nd - 4th plus fred and Louis)

• Many Gothic Tribes (migratory cultures)

• pointy towers

Mantle of the Virgin Mary:

• Relic

• Mantle = veil

• "Assumption of Mary"

  • no physical body

  • she didn't die but was taken into heaven

• Silk cloth "worn at the birth of Christ"

Abbot Suger, abbey church of St. Denis, 1140-1144:

There's stain glass images of him(Sugar) holding the stain glass (bru)

• The church should shine

• Lots of stone

• Lots of stained glass: light filled, radiant

• Open, not compartmentalized

• Groin Vault w/ pointed Gothic Arch

• 
  

  

  
  

  • canopy like

Chartres Cathedral, France, begun 1134:

• changes from Romanesque style:

  • Taller structures

  • more complex ribbed vaulting

  • replacement of round Roman arch w/ pointed Gothic Arch

  • 283

    

    (Variations)

  • Cruciform shape less emphasized (large apse)

  • less divided up into different sections

  • integrated nave, apse

• 20ft higher (Buttress helps with this [shifts weight])

  • Buttress: Pier/attched and flying (opened up or smth)

• Mantle of the Virgin Mary is held here (blue dress)

• Drapery = vaulting weightlss

Rose window, 1220:

Inside the Chartres Cathedral

• Petal like shape

  • stone tracery + stained glass

  • are the holy scriptures and enlightening those inside

  • constellation of stars

• Cloisonne (outline of the stone)

Sainte-Chapelle

• Completed in five years

• Louis IX(9th) comissioned it

  • purchased relics in Constantinople in 1239

    • Crown of thorns

    • fragment of the Cross

    • spear of Longinus

    • sponge from the crucifxion

• Buttresses (Piers)

• large rose window

• pointed arch

• ribbed groin vault

• "Read the Church" - Stained Glass

Psalter of St. Louis, “Abraham and the angels,” 1270:

• Abraham appears twice

• pointed arch (Tree)

• Rose Window

• Interlace patterning