Muscles of the Head and Neck — Table 14.1

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) — Origin

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) — Insertion

Ribs 1 and 2

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) — Action

Flexes and rotates neck, elevates ribs 1 and 2

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) — Innervation

Spinal nerves C4-8

Sternocleidomastoid — Origin

Manubrium and medial clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid — Insertion

Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

Sternocleidomastoid — Action

One: rotates and extends neck; both: flex neck

Sternocleidomastoid — Innervation

Accessory nerve (XI)

Sternohyoid — Origin

Manubrium of sternum

Sternohyoid — Insertion

Hyoid

Sternohyoid — Action

Depresses hyoid

Sternohyoid — Innervation

Spinal nerves C1-3

Sternothyroid — Origin

Manubrium of sternum

Sternothyroid — Insertion

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Sternothyroid — Action

Depresses larynx

Sternothyroid — Innervation

Spinal nerves C1-3

Omohyoid — Origin

Superior border of scapula

Omohyoid — Insertion

Hyoid

Omohyoid — Action

Depresses and fixes hyoid

Omohyoid — Innervation

Spinal nerves C1-3

Digastric — Origin

Mastoid process of temporal (posterior belly)

Digastric — Insertion

Mandible near midline (anterior belly)

Digastric — Action

Elevates, protracts, and retracts hyoid; depresses mandible

Digastric — Innervation

Trigeminal (V) and facial (VII) nerves

Mylohyoid — Origin

Body of mandible

Mylohyoid — Insertion

Hyoid

Mylohyoid — Action

Elevates floor of mouth and tongue

Mylohyoid — Innervation

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Platysma — Origin

Fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid

Platysma — Insertion

Skin over inferior border of mandible

Platysma — Action

Depresses lower lip

Platysma — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Frontalis — Origin

Epicranial aponeurosis

Frontalis — Insertion

Skin superior to orbit

Frontalis — Action

Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly

Frontalis — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Occipitalis — Origin

Occipital bone

Occipitalis — Insertion

Epicranial aponeurosis

Occipitalis — Action

Draws scalp posteriorly

Occipitalis — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Orbicularis oculi — Origin

Frontal bone, maxilla

Orbicularis oculi — Insertion

Skin of eyelid

Orbicularis oculi — Action

Closes eye

Orbicularis oculi — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Orbicularis oris — Origin

Fascia of facial muscles, maxilla, and mandible

Orbicularis oris — Insertion

Skin of lips

Orbicularis oris — Action

Closes lips

Orbicularis oris — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Corrugator supercilii — Origin

Nasal bridge, orbicularis oculi

Corrugator supercilii — Insertion

Skin of eyebrow

Corrugator supercilii — Action

Depresses and pulls eyebrows together

Corrugator supercilii — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Zygomaticus (major and minor) — Origin

Zygomatic bone

Zygomaticus (major and minor) — Insertion

Muscle and skin at angle of mouth

Zygomaticus (major and minor) — Action

Elevates and abducts upper lip

Zygomaticus (major and minor) — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Risorius — Origin

Fascia of masseter, platysma

Risorius — Insertion

Skin at angle of orbicularis oris

Risorius — Action

Abducts corner of mouth

Risorius — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Mentalis — Origin

Mandible

Mentalis — Insertion

Skin of chin

Mentalis — Action

Elevates lower lip

Mentalis — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Buccinator — Origin

Maxilla, mandible

Buccinator — Insertion

Orbicularis oris at angle of mouth

Buccinator — Action

Retracts angle of mouth, flattens cheek

Buccinator — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Depressor labii inferioris — Origin

Lower border of mandible

Depressor labii inferioris — Insertion

Skin of lower lip, orbicularis oris

Depressor labii inferioris — Action

Depresses lower lip

Depressor labii inferioris — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Levator labii superioris — Origin

Maxilla

Levator labii superioris — Insertion

Skin and orbicularis oris of upper lip

Levator labii superioris — Action

Elevates upper lip

Levator labii superioris — Innervation

Facial nerve (VII)

Temporalis — Origin

Temporal fossa

Temporalis — Insertion

Coronoid process, mandibular ramus

Temporalis — Action

Elevates and retracts mandible

Temporalis — Innervation

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Masseter — Origin

Zygomatic arch

Masseter — Insertion

Lateral ramus of mandible

Masseter — Action

Elevates and protracts mandible

Masseter — Innervation

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Pterygoids (medial and lateral) — Origin

Pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Pterygoids (medial and lateral) — Insertion

Medial ramus and condylar process of mandible

Pterygoids (medial and lateral) — Action

Protracts, elevates, and depresses mandible (for chewing)

Pterygoids (medial and lateral) — Innervation

Trigeminal nerve (V)