ELECTIVE 1

Data visualization

The process of representing data using visual elements such as charts, graphs, and other graphical formats.

Bar Chart

A chart that displays and compares values across different categories.

Line Chart

A chart that displays data points connected by lines to show movement or change.

Pie Chart

A chart that represents how individual categories contribute to a whole.

Scatter Chart

A chart that displays individual data points to examine the relationship between two numerical variables.

Outlier

A data point that is noticeably different from the general pattern.

Data Labels

Elements that display values directly on a chart.

Legend

An element that identifies different data series in a chart.

Combo Chart

A chart that combines two chart types into one visualization.

Sparkline

A small chart placed inside a worksheet cell that provides a quick visual summary of data.

Histogram

A chart that displays the distribution of numerical data by grouping values into intervals called bins.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

A measurable value used to monitor performance toward a specific objective or target.

Actual Value

The current measured performance.

Target

The desired performance.

Variance

The difference between actual and target.

Status

Indicates whether performance is meeting the expected level.

Chart Title

An element that should clearly communicate what the visualization represents.

Horizontal Axis / X-Axis

An axis that usually represents categories, time, or independent variables.

Vertical Axis / Y-Axis

An axis that usually represents amount, frequency, measurement, or a dependent variable.

Positive Relationship

An observation where as one variable increases, the other tends to increase.

Negative Relationship

An observation where as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease.

No Clear Relationship

An observation where data points do not show an obvious pattern.

Secondary Axis

An axis used in combo charts when two measures have significantly different scales or units.

Bins

Intervals used in a histogram to group values and display the distribution of numerical data.

PivotTable

An Excel tool used to summarize, organize, analyze, and explore large datasets.

Rows (Pivot Area)

Categories listed vertically.

Columns (Pivot Area)

Categories listed horizontally.

Values (Pivot Area)

Numbers to summarize.

Filters (Pivot Area)

Filters the entire report.

Sum

Adds values.

Count

Counts records or entries.

Average

Calculates the mean.

Max

Finds the largest value.

Min

Finds the smallest value.

Filtering

Displays only records that meet selected conditions.

Sorting

Arranges categories alphabetically or numerically.

Grouping

Combines related items into broader categories.

Calculated Field

A new calculation using fields in the PivotTable's source data.

Slicers

Visual buttons that filter PivotTables and connected PivotCharts.

Timelines

Visual date filters for PivotTables.

Data Analysis

The process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information and support decision-making.

PivotChart

A visual representation of data in a PivotTable that automatically updates when the underlying PivotTable layout or filter changes.

Source Data

The underlying dataset or range of cells used to build a PivotTable or PivotChart.

Header Row

The top row of a dataset containing unique column names, which are used as field names in a PivotTable.

Clear Dataset

A dataset organized with one header row, consistent column names, no merged cells, and no completely blank rows or columns.

Report Layout

The structural arrangement of fields (Rows, Columns, Values, Filters) in a PivotTable that determines how data is summarized.

Chart Area

The entire background region encompassing all components of a chart, including the plot area, titles, legends, and axis labels.

Plot Area

The specific region bounded by the axes where the actual data is plotted and visualized via bars, lines, points, or pie slices.

Gridlines

Parallel horizontal or vertical reference lines drawn across the plot area to make reading and comparing values easier.