Veterinary Preventative Medicine: Vaccines and Clinical Protocols

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering small and large animal core and non-core vaccines, administration schedules, associated diseases, and vaccine types.

Core Vaccine

A category of vaccines that is recommended for all animals of a given species, regardless of lifestyle or environment.

Non-Core Vaccine

A category of vaccines administered selectively based on an animal's lifestyle, geographic location, or specific exposure risk.

Bordetella Vaccine

A canine vaccine recommended for dogs with frequent social exposure, such as those visiting boarding kennels, grooming facilities, or weekly doggy play groups.

Lyme Disease Vaccine

A canine non-core vaccine recommended for hunting dogs and outdoor dogs exposed to ticks, which typically need to stay attached for $24\text{ hours}$ to transmit the causative bacteria.

Leptospirosis

A zoonotic disease common in Iowa spread by wildlife urine (e.g., raccoons, opossums, rats) in puddles or standing water; the canine vaccine is given starting at $12\text{ weeks}$ of age.

Canine Parvovirus (Parvo)

A severe viral pathogen in puppies that attacks the intestinal and gastric mucosa, leading to foul-smelling bloody diarrhea and vomiting; treated strictly with supportive care.

Iowa Rabies Law

A state legal mandate requiring dogs to receive a rabies vaccine administered by a licensed DVM by the age of $6\text{ months}$.

Injection Site Sarcoma

A vaccine-associated malignant tumor occurring in cats; because of this risk, feline vaccines are administered as low as possible on a leg or in the tail to facilitate potential amputation.

FVRCP

A feline core combination vaccine that protects against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia, typically started at $6\text{ weeks}$ of age.

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

An upper respiratory infection in felines caused by a herpesvirus, represented by the first component of the core FVRCP combination vaccine.

Feline Panleukopenia

A severe feline viral disease that serves as the cat equivalent of canine parvovirus and can be detected using a canine parvo SNAP test.

Equine Encephalitis (EEE / WEE)

Mosquito-transmitted core equine viral diseases (Eastern and Western equine encephalitis) that cause dangerous inflammation of the brain.

Tetanus (Equine)

A core equine bacterial disease caused by contamination of wounds from soil or rust; horses are routinely vaccinated against it due to their high tendency for injury from nails and fence posts.

West Nile Virus

A mosquito-borne viral infection introduced to Iowa between $2000$ and $2004$ that causes neurological disease in horses; classified as an equine core vaccine.

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

A core viral disease in cattle causing gastrointestinal illness, managed through widespread vaccination to curb rapid spread in densely housed settings like feedlots.

CDT Vaccine

A standard combination vaccine for sheep and goats providing protection against Clostridium types C and D and tetanus, first administered at $1$ to $3\text{ months}$ of age.

Titer

A diagnostic blood test that measures an animal's circulating antibodies to verify whether protective immunity against a disease persists before revaccinating.

Modified Live Vaccine

A vaccine containing a weakened, non-pathogenic form of an organism that stimulates an immune response without causing clinical disease (e.g., DHLPP and FVRCP).

Killed Vaccine

A vaccine composed of completely inactivated or non-infectious pathogens that cannot replicate or cause illness, with rabies being the most common veterinary example.

Recombinant Vaccine

A vaccine created by isolating an inactive component and inserting a specific gene sequence to stimulate immunity, exemplified by the canine Lyme vaccine.