Sumerian and Babylonian Civilizations

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts and facts about Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations as well as early mathematical and medical contributions.

Sumerian Civilization

An ancient civilization located in Mesopotamia, known as the Cradle of Civilization.

Ziggurats

Large mud brick and sand brick structures built by the Sumerians, serving religious purposes.

Irrigation and Dikes

Early engineering works in Sumer aimed at enhancing agricultural efficiency.

Sumerian Wheel

A technological advancement used for milling and transporting heavy objects.

Sailboats

Vessels used by Sumerians for trading goods, enabling transportation over water.

Cuneiform script

The earliest known writing system developed by the Sumerians, utilized for recording information.

Babylonian Civilization

A civilization that emerged next to the Sumerians in Mesopotamia, known for its remarkable achievements.

Hanging Garden of Babylon

A symbolic garden said to have been built in Babylon, associated with King Nebuchadnezzar II.

Diviners (baru)

Practitioners in ancient Sumer who used hepatoscopy for prognostications and exorcisms.

Brahmagupta

An ancient Indian mathematician who contributed to the understanding of zero in mathematics.

Aryabhata

An ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer known for his work with positional number systems.

Sushuruta

An ancient Indian physician known as the 'Father of Indian Surgery,' author of 'Sushuruta Samhita'.

Great Bath

A significant architectural feature in the Indus Valley Civilization, used for ritual bathing.