Cells (Module 2)

Who came up with the cell

Robert Hooke

Prokaryotic

“Before Nucleus”

Lacks a True Nucleus

e.g. Bacteria or Paramecium

2 Domains of Prokaryotic Cells

Archaea

Eubacteria

Cocci

Spherical

Bacilli

Rod-Shaped

Spirilla

Spiral Shaped

Staph

(Clusters)

Strep

(Chains)

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit

Commensalism

One benefits, the other either benefits or isn’t affected

Parasitism

One organism benefits, the other is harmed

Eukaryotic Cells

“True Nucleus”

Non-Bacteria

3 Basic Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Plasma/Cell Membrane

Outer boundary of the cell

Seperates internal activities from the environment

Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell outside of the nucleus

Cytosol

Semi-fluid portion of cytoplasm

Organelles are suspended within it

Nucleus

Cell control center

Nucleoplasm

Semi-fluid material in nucleus

Nuclear Envelope

Surrounds the nucleus

Keeps the nucleolus contained

Chromatin

Genetic material

Cytoskeleton

Anchored to proteins in the cell membrane

Supports cell shape

3 types of protein fibers

Microtubules

Intermediate Filaments

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Conveyor belts inside the cells

Intermediate Filaments

Maintain cell shape

Promote mechanical activities within the cytoplasm

Microfilaments (Muscle cells)

Shorten and contract

Microfilaments (Non-Muscle Cells)

Provide support

Form systems responsible for cellular movements