INGLÉS PARA MEDICINA

Forehead

Frontal region

Eye

Ocular/Orbital region

Ear

Otic region

Nose

Nasal region

Mouth

Oral cavity

Chin

Mental region

Cheek

Buccal region

Jawbone

Mandible

Throat

Pharynx

Windpipe

Trachea

Voice box

Larynx

Neck

Cervical región

Breastbone

Sternum

Nipple

Areola

Shoulder blade

scapul/o

Scapula

Collarbone

Clavicle

Stomach

Abdomen/Abdominal cavity

Belly button

Umbilicus

Groin

inguin/o

Inguinal region

Back

Dorsal region

Brain

Cerebrum/Cerebral

Arm

Brachium

Upper arm

Brachial region

Elbow

Olecranon

Forearm

Antebrachium/Ant ebrachial region

Wrist

Carpus/Carpal region

Hand

Manus/Manual region

Palm

Palmar region

Finger

Digit/Phalanx (Phalanges for plural)

Thumb

Pollex

Leg

Lower limb

Thigh

Femoral region

Knee

Patella/Patellar region

Shin

Tibia/Tibial region

Calf

Sural region

Ankle

Tarsus/Tarsal region

Foot

Pes/Pedal region

Heel

Calcaneus

Sole

Plantar region

Toe

Digit/Phalanx (Phalanges for plural)

Big toe

Hallux

Blood vessel

Vascular

Vein

Venous

Stomach

Gastric

gastr/o

Intestine (small)

Small intestine/Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Bladder

Urinary bladder

Gallbladder

Cholecyst

Pancreas

Pancreatic

Spleen

Splenic

Appendix

Vermiform appendix

Womb

Uterus

Ovary

Ovarian

Testicle

Testis

Analgesics

1. Definition:Medicationsthatrelievepainwithoutcausinglossofconsciousness.

2. CommonUses:Usedtotreatvarioustypesofpain,includingheadaches,muscle aches, and post-surgical pain.

3. Examples:Acetaminophen(Tylenol),Ibuprofen(Advil),Morphine.

Antibiotics

1. Definition:Drugsthattreatbacterialinfectionsbykillingorinhibitingthegrowthof bacteria.

2. CommonUses:Prescribedforbacterialinfectionssuchaspneumonia,urinarytract infections, and strep throat.

3. Examples:Amoxicillin,Ciprofloxacin,Azithromycin

Antihypertensives

1. Definition:Medicationsusedtolowerhighbloodpressure(hypertension).

2. CommonUses:Managingchronichighbloodpressuretoreducetheriskofheart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

3. Examples:Lisinopril,Amlodipine,Losartan.

Anticoagulants

1. Definition:Medicationsthatpreventbloodclotsbythinningtheblood.

2. CommonUses:Usedtopreventandtreatconditionssuchasdeepveinthrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation.

3. Examples:Warfarin,Heparin,Apixaban(Eliquis).

Diuretics

1. Definition:Medicationsthathelpthebodyeliminateexcessfluidbyincreasing urine production.

2. CommonUses:Usedtotreatconditionslikehypertension,heartfailure,and edema (swelling caused by fluid retention).

3. Examples:Furosemide(Lasix),Hydrochlorothiazide,Spironolactone.

Antipyretics

1. Definition:Medicationsthatreducefever.

2. CommonUses:Usedtolowerhighbodytemperatureduringinfectionsorillnesses such as the flu.

3. Examples:Acetaminophen(Tylenol),Ibuprofen(Advil),Aspirin.

Antihistamines

•   Definition: Drugs that treat allergic reactions by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergy symptoms.

•   Common Uses: Used to treat allergies, including hay fever, hives, and allergic reactions to insect bites.

•   Examples: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Loratadine (Claritin), Cetirizine (Zyrtec).

Antidepressants

• Definition: Medications that treat depression by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

• Common Uses: Used to manage depression, anxiety disorders, and certain chronic pain conditions.

• Examples: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), Amitriptyline.

Bronchodilators

• Definition: Medications that relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe.

• Common Uses: Used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis.

• Examples: Albuterol (Ventolin), Salmeterol, Ipratropium.

Insulin

•   Definition: A hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

•   Common Uses: Used to manage blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

•   Examples: Regular insulin, Insulin glargine (Lantus), Insulin lispro (Humalog).

Antivirals

•   Definition: Medications that treat viral infections by inhibiting the development of

  the virus.

•   Common Uses: Used to manage infections such as influenza, HIV, and herpes.

•   Examples: Acyclovir, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Zidovudine (Retrovir).

Steroids (Corticosteroids)

• Definition: Anti-inflammatory medications that reduce swelling, redness, and

  allergic reactions.

• Common Uses: Used to treat conditions like asthma, arthritis, lupus, and allergic reactions.

• Examples: Prednisone, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone.

Antacids

•   Definition: Medications that neutralize stomach acid.

•   Common Uses: Used to relieve symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion.

•   Examples: Calcium carbonate (Tums), Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), Ranitidine (Zantac).

Antiemetics

• Definition: Drugs that prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.

• Common Uses: Used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness, chemotherapy, or surgery.

• Examples: Ondansetron (Zofran), Metoclopramide (Reglan), Promethazine (Phenergan).

Vaccines

• Definition: Biological preparations that provide immunity against specific infectious

  diseases.

• Common Uses: Used to prevent diseases like influenza, measles, polio, and COVID-19.

• Examples: MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella), Influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna)

Stethoscope

• tool used to listen to the internal sounds of a patient’s body, usually the heart and lungs. It has earpieces, tubing, and a diaphragm.

• Common Uses: Listening to heartbeats, lung sounds, and blood flow.

Sphygmomanometer

• Description: A device used to measure blood pressure. It typically includes an inflatable cuff, a measuring gauge, and sometimes a stethoscope.

• Common Uses: Measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Thermometer

• Description: A device used to measure body temperature. Thermometers can be digital, mercury-based, or infrared.

•   Common Uses: Detecting fever or hypothermia.

Otoscope

• Description: A handheld device with a light and magnifying lens used to examine the ear canal and eardrum.

• Common Uses: Diagnosing ear infections or blockages.

Ophthalmoscope

• Description: A device used to examine the interior structures of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve.

• Common Uses: Detecting eye conditions like glaucoma or retinal detachment.

Reflex Hammer

• Description: A small, rubber-headed tool used by doctors to test deep tendon reflexes.

• Common Uses: Checking neurological function by tapping tendons.

Tongue Depressor

•   Description: A flat, thin wooden or plastic stick used to press down the tongue for

  oral examination.

•   Common Uses: Examining the throat and oral cavity.

Syringe

•   Description: A device consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube used to inject

  or withdraw fluids.

•   Common Uses: Administering injections, drawing blood.

Scalpel

• Description: A small, sharp knife used for surgeries or dissections. It has a straight

  handle and a replaceable blade.

• Common Uses: Performing incisions during surgical procedures.

Forceps

• Description: Tweezer-like instruments used to grasp or hold tissues, or objects.

• Common Uses: Manipulating tissues, removing foreign bodies.

Tuning Fork

•   Description: A two-pronged metal device that vibrates at a specific frequency when

  struck.

•   Common Uses: Testing hearing and vibration sensation.

Pulse Oximeter

• Description: A small, clip-like device that attaches to a finger to measure the

  oxygen saturation of the blood.

• Common Uses: Monitoring oxygen levels in patients with respiratory conditions.

IV Cannula

•   Description: A small, flexible tube inserted into a vein to administer fluids or

  medications.

•   Common Uses: Intravenous therapy, medication administration.

Defibrillator

• Description: A device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore a

  normal rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest.

• Common Uses: Treating life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation.

Glucose Meter

• Description: A device that measures the concentration of glucose in the blood,

  typically using a small drop of blood from a finger prick.

• Common Uses: Monitoring blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.

Laryngoscope

• Description: A tool with a light and a blade used to view the larynx and vocal cords,

  often used during intubation.

• Common Uses: Assisting in the placement of a breathing tube.

Speculum

• Description: A tool used to hold open a body cavity for examination, commonly

  used in gynecological exams.

• Common Uses: Vaginal exams, Pap smears.

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

Arterial

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

cardi/o

coron/o

heart

phleb/o

ven/o

vein

venul/o

venule

Aneurysm

Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown ofthe wall from atherosclerosis.

Angina (pectoris)

Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle.

Arrhythmia

Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm); fibrillation and flutter are examples.

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque

Congestive heart failure

Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

• Essential: is high blood pressure with no apparent cause.

• Secondary: another illness (kidney disease or an adrenal gland disorder) is the cause of the high blood pressure.

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack. An infarct si an area of dead (necrotic) tissue.

Shock

Group of signs and symptoms (paleness of skin, weak andrapid pulse, shallow breathing) indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return ofblood to the heart.

AAA

Abdominal aortic aneurvsm