CHAPTER 38: CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION

Simple sugars that require no digestion before absorption

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates that need to be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides before absorption

Oligosaccharides

Enzyme required for the digestion of cellulose, which mammals lack

Cellulase

Plant storage form of glucose that can be digested by mammals

Starch

Animal storage form of glucose that can be digested by mammals

Glycogen

Enzyme in saliva that initiates digestion of starch and glycogen

Salivary a-Amylase

First phase of intestinal carbohydrate digestion, stimulated by pancreatic secretions

Luminal Phase

Second phase of intestinal carbohydrate digestion, involving enzymes in the brush border membranes

Brush Border Phase

Sodium-dependent glucose transporter responsible for active glucose absorption

SGLT-1

Fructose transporter involved in facilitated diffusion for fructose absorption

GLUT-5