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Simple sugars that require no digestion before absorption
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates that need to be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides before absorption
Oligosaccharides
Enzyme required for the digestion of cellulose, which mammals lack
Cellulase
Plant storage form of glucose that can be digested by mammals
Starch
Animal storage form of glucose that can be digested by mammals
Glycogen
Enzyme in saliva that initiates digestion of starch and glycogen
Salivary a-Amylase
First phase of intestinal carbohydrate digestion, stimulated by pancreatic secretions
Luminal Phase
Second phase of intestinal carbohydrate digestion, involving enzymes in the brush border membranes
Brush Border Phase
Sodium-dependent glucose transporter responsible for active glucose absorption
SGLT-1
Fructose transporter involved in facilitated diffusion for fructose absorption
GLUT-5