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Aufbau Principle
For atoms in the ground state, electrons must fill the atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy level before occupying higher energy levels
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Electrons that occupy the same orbital must possess opposite spins
Hund’s Rule
Every orbital in a subshell must be occupied by an electron with the same spin before any other orbital is doubly occupied
Lithium
1s² 2s^1
O-2
8+2 = 10
1s² 2s² 2p^6
Calcium
1s² 2s² 2p^6 3s² 3p^6 4s²
Boron (abbreviated)
[He] 2s² 2p^1
Vanadium (abbreviated)
[Ar] 4s² 3d³