Chemistry Exam #2

Strong electrolyte

soluble, ionic compound; strong acids; can be molecular is strong acid

Weak electrolyte

NH3 weak base; CH3COOH weak acid

Nonelectrolyte

molecular compound (not strong acid); insoluble, ionic compound ex chalk

molarity formula

M= mole/ liters

concentration formula

concentration = mass / volume

dilution formula

M1V1=M2V2

If there is more than one compound listed

1. convert to moles (g—>mol)

2. use mole to mole ratio from balanced equation

what does concentration also mean

molarity

milliliters to liters

x 1000

what does a majority of problems use?

molarity formula

oxidizing agent

reduced element

reducing agent

oxidized element

oxidation

loss of electrons ex: element zero to +2

reduction

gain of electrons ex: +2 to zero

net ionic equation for acid-base neut

acid + base = salt + water

what defines a base

H+ acceptor; possess OH-

what defines an acid

donates H+; contains H+ to make acid name

-ide

hydro___ic acid

-ate

__ic acid

-ite

___rous acid

ClO-

hyperchloric acid

HClO4

perchloric acid

ClO4

perchloric acid

Soluble elements

alkali metals, ammonium ion, Nitrates, acetates, chlorates, halides, sulfates

insoluble elements

carbonates, phosphates, chromates, sulfides, hydroxides