19 Pseudomonas

Genus Pseudomonas

Commonly found in aquatic habitats and soil

Pseudomonas mallei

Genus Pseudomonas specialized mammalian parasite

Pseudomonas pseudomallei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Genus Pseudomonas occasional parasite of animals

Genus Pseudomonas are All motile by means of polar flagella except P. mallei

Genus Pseudomonas are All motile by means of polar flagella except P. _____

Genus Pseudomonas

• Rod-shaped

• oxidase positive

Genus Pseudomonas

• ____-shaped

• oxidase _______

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacillus of green pus

Pseudomonas pyocyaneus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa also known as?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Low virulence but cause suppurative infections in domestic animals

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are

• Opportunistic and associated with wounds,

• immunosuppressive therapy,

• prolonged administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics,

• burns and debilitating surgery

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are

• ______ and associated with _____,

• ________ therapy,

• prolonged administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics,

• burns and debilitating surgery

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are

• Opportunistic and associated with wounds,

• immunosuppressive therapy,

• prolonged administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics,

• burns and debilitating surgery

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are

• Opportunistic and associated with wounds,

• immunosuppressive therapy,

• prolonged administration of _____-spectrum antibiotics,

• _____ and debilitating surgery

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common in intestinal contents of chickens and can result in early spoilage of meat

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Causes “green wool” in sheep, associated with wetting of the fleece

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Morphology and Staining

• Straight, slender rod about 2.5 x 0.4 um

• Motile by one to three polar flagella

• Spores not formed and capsule sometimes present

• Gram negative and stains easily with ordinary dyes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Morphology and Staining

• _____, _____ rod about 2.5 x 0.4 um

• Motile by one to three polar _____

• Spores not formed and capsule sometimes present

• Gram negative and stains easily with ordinary dyes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Morphology and Staining

• Straight, slender rod about 2.5 x 0.4 um

• Motile by one to three polar flagella

• Spores not formed and capsule sometimes present

• Gram negative and stains easily with ordinary dyes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Morphology and Staining

• Straight, slender rod about 2.5 x 0.4 um

• Motile by one to three polar flagella

• _____ not formed and _____ sometimes present

• Gram ______ and _____ easily with ordinary dyes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Recognized by bright green pigment and grape-like odor (aminoacetophenone) it produces

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Recognized by bright ______ pigment and ____-like odor (aminoacetophenone) it produces

fluorescein

pigment consist in Pseudomonas aeruginoas a pyoverdine which is yellow-green and becomes oxidized to yellow

pyocyanin

pigment consist in Pseudomonas aeruginosa a bluish green pigment that oxidizes to brown

Fluorescein and pyocyanin are water soluble but only pyocyanin is soluble in chloroform

Fluorescein and pyocyanin are ______ soluble but only ______ is soluble in chloroform

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Some strains lose ability to form pigment upon prolonged culture

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Some strains lose ability to form pigment upon ______ culture

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Apyocyanogenic strains fairly common and identified by their mucoid growth on potassium gluconate medium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• ________ strains fairly common and identified by their _____ growth on potassium gluconate medium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Obligate aerobe that uses oxygen as terminal electron receptor

• Can be cultivated in simplest media

• Produce smooth, shiny, moist, fimbriate and spreading colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• ______ aerobe that uses oxygen as terminal _____ receptor

• Can be cultivated in ______ media

• Produce smooth, shiny, moist, fimbriate and spreading colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Obligate aerobe that uses oxygen as terminal electron receptor

• Can be cultivated in simplest media

• Produce smooth, shiny, moist, fimbriate and spreading colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Obligate aerobe that uses oxygen as terminal electron receptor

• Can be cultivated in simplest media

• Produce smooth, ____, ____, fimbriate and _____ colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Colonies with thin, irregular margins and translucent centers are cream colored although often disguised by green pigment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Colonies with ___, irregular margins and ______ centers are cream colored although often disguised by _____ pigment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Opalescent sheen appears on surface of growths on solid media

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• ______ sheen appears on surface of growths on solid media

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on wide range of incubation temperatures, 4 to 42’C

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on wide range of ______ temperatures, _ to 42’C

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Does not ferment carbohydtares but some strains produce acid from some sugars

• Indole negative, MR negative, VP negative and catalase and oxidase positive

• Most strains from lesions liquefy gelatin and are urease positive and hemolytic

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Does not ferment _______ but some strains produce acid from some sugars

• Indole ____, MR ____, VP _____ and catalase and oxidase _____

• Most strains from lesions liquefy ____ and are urease _____ and _____

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• 17 somatic O antigens, 6 H or flagellar antigens

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• _ somatic __ ntigens, 6 __ or ______ antigens

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxic products include toxin A, alkaline proteases and elastase which destroys elastin in lung parenchyma which is important virulence factor in experimentally induced pneumoni

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxic products include toxin _ , alkaline _____ and ______ which destroys elastin in _____ parenchyma which is important virulence factor in experimentally induced ______

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxin A inhibits protein synthesis and contributes significantly to lesion development in burn infections

Antigens and toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxin A inhibits _____ synthesis and contributes significantly to lesion development in ____ infections

Bacteriocin Typing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Produce bacteriocin that kills other strains of same species

• Protein known as pyocin which is used in typing by testing extract of an unknown organism against indicator strains or by testing sensitivity of unknown organism to known pyocins

Bacteriocin Typing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Produce _______ that kills other strains of same species

• Protein known as ______ which is used in typing by testing extract of an unknown organism against indicator strains or by testing sensitivity of unknown organism to known pyocins

bacteriocin

kills other strains of same species

pyocin

Protein used in typing by testing extract of an unknown organism against indicator strains or by testing sensitivity of unknown organism to known pyocins

Phage Typing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Used to distinguish between P. aeruginosa strains of the same O group

• Procedure involves spotting known phage suspensions on overlay of test strains and noting lysis patterns after incubation

Phage Typing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Used to distinguish between P. ______ strains of the same O group

• Procedure involves spotting known phage _______ on overlay of test strains and noting _____ patterns after incubation

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Component of the normal bacterial flora of the skin, mucous membranes and intestines of healthy animals

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Component of the _____ bacterial flora of the skin, _____ membranes and _____ of healthy animals

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Its presence reflects exposure to environment such as soil and water

• Opportunistic pathogens and diseases caused usually associated with predisposing circumstances

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Its presence reflects exposure to environment such as ___and _____

• _______ pathogens and diseases caused usually associated with predisposing circumstances

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxin A and protease important in production of edema, induration, hemorrhage and necrosis observed in skin lesions

• Toxin production in vivo enhanced by ready availability of amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alpha-alanine in animal tissue

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Toxin A and protease important in production of _____, ______, ______ and necrosis observed in skin lesions

aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alpha-alanine in animal tissue

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Toxin production in vivo enhanced by ready availability of amino acids?

Slime layer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

produced by organism antiphagocytic and facilitates organisms’ penetration of tissues

Strains from lesions more virulent than environmental strains an produce hemolysis, a trait rare in the latter

Strains from ____ more virulent than environmental strains an produce _____, a trait rare in the latter

P. aeruginosa

found in necrotic pneumonias, enteritis and rhinitis in swine, lesions associated with traumatic reticulopericarditis in cattle

P. aeruginosa Frequent cause of bovine mastitis involving 4 quarters exhibiting endotoxemia leading to death

P. aeruginosa Frequent cause of bovine _____ involving 4 quarters exhibiting ______ leading to death

P. aeruginosa Implicated as cause of bovine infertility, uteritis, cervicitis, vaginitis

P. aeruginosa Implicated as cause of bovine _____, ____, ____, ____

P. aeruginosa Also causes sporadic abortion in cattle, spermicidal and causes balanoposthitis in bulls

P. aeruginosa Also causes sporadic _____ in cattle, spermicidal and causes ________ in bulls

P. aeruginosa Transmitted by stallions causing metritis and infertility in mares

P. aeruginosa Transmitted by stallions causing ____ and _____ in mares

P. aeruginosa Causes suppurative otitis externa in dogs as complications of injury, mange, bacterial and fungal infections

P. aeruginosa Causes suppurative ____ externa in dogs as complications of ___, ____, ____ and _____ infections

P. aeruginosa infection most devastating in minks and chinchillas causing hemorrhagic pneumonia; organism enters when animal sniffs food

P. aeruginosa infection most devastating in ____ and ______ causing hemorrhagic _______; organism enters when animal sniffs food

1. Depression and tachypnea

2. Frothy, red fluid expressed from the nares

3. Lungs hemorrhagic with areas of necrosis with organisms present as microscopic colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa c/s

Green wool or fleece rot in sheep

results from growth of the organism in fleece subjected to prolonged wetting favored by protein that leaks out of macerated skin

d

result of fleece rot/ green wool in sheep

protein degrades resulting in odor that stimulates oviposition by flies predisposing to development of strike

result of fleece rot/ green wool in sheep

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Opportunistic invader of traumatized cornea in racing horses resulting to opacification and ulceration that is difficult to treat; results from activity of toxin A, proteases and elastase production

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Opportunistic invader of traumatized _____ in racing horses resulting to ______ and _______ that is difficult to treat; results from activity of toxin _, proteases and elastase production

Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunity

• Protective abs maybe opsonizing and directed against the cell wall lipopolysaccharide which is strain specific, or the endotoxin-associated protein (OEP) which is not

Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunity

• Protective ____ maybe opsonizing and directed against the cell wall lipopolysaccharide which is strain specific, or the ______-associated protein (OEP) which is not

Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunity

• Vaccination of mink with bacterins and toxoids successful; in horses, lesions in vaccinated animals less severe and heal more rapidly

Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunity

• Vaccination of mink with _____ and ______ successful; in horses, lesions in ________ animals less severe and heal more rapidly

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• Multiple resistance mediated by R factors

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• Multiple resistance mediated by _ factors

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• Gentamycin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, polymyxin B, amikacin, colistin, silver sulfadiazine

GTCPACS

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• _______, tobramycin, carbenicillin, polymyxin B, amikacin, colistin, silver sulfadiazine

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• On bases of RNA homology, genus was divided into 5 groups but later based on nucleic acid analyses, reclassified into several new genera in addition to the reduced Pseudomonas genus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• On bases of ___ homology, genus was divided into _ groups but later based on nucleic acid analyses, reclassified into several new genera in addition to the reduced Pseudomonas genus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• One of these genera , Burkholderia includes 2 species of veterinary importance: Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility

• One of these genera , Burkholderia includes 2 species of veterinary importance: Burkholderia ______ and Burkholderia _____

Pseudomomas pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei formerly?

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Bacillus of Whitmore; Malleomyces pseudomallei

melioidosis; Whitmore and Krishnaswami

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes a glanders like disease first described by?

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Widely distributed in Southeast Asia but observed in wild and domestic animals in France, Australia and Caribbean

soil and water

Burkholderia pseudomallei is widespread in?

facultative intracellular parasite and mainly cell mediated

Burkholderia pseudomallei is what kind of parasite and immune response?

Burkholderia pseudomallei Morphology and Staining

• Gram negative with peritrichous flagella

• may show bipolar staining

Burkholderia pseudomallei Morphology and Staining

• Gram ______ with peritrichous ______

• may show _____ staining

Burkholderia pseudomallei Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on simple media

• Colonies rough to mucoid and cream-colored to orange

• Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol

• Produce oxidase but not pyoverdine

Burkholderia pseudomallei Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on _____ media

• Colonies rough to _____ and _____-colored to orange

• Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol

• Produce oxidase but not pyoverdine

Burkholderia pseudomallei Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on simple media

• Colonies rough to mucoid and cream-colored to orange

• Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol

• Produce oxidase but not pyoverdine

Burkholderia pseudomallei Cultural and Biochemical Features

• Grows on simple media

• Colonies rough to mucoid and cream-colored to orange

• Acid from ______, ______, ______ and _____

• Produce ______ but not pyoverdine

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis Burkholderia pseudomallei

• Widely distributed in soil and water, also in feces

• Infection by inhalation or via wound

• Naturally occurring infection involves rodents primarily thru insect bites

Epizootiology and Pathogenesis Burkholderia pseudomallei

• Widely distributed in ____ and water, also in ____

• Infection by or via wound

• Naturally occurring infection involves rodents primarily thru insect bites

Burkholderia pseudomallei

what kind of species where Transmission among animals and humans rare

Melioidosis in cats, dogs, pigs, goats, sheep, horses and dolphins

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Characteristic lesion a small caseous nodule that coalesce to form large areas of caseation or they can break down into abscesses

liver, lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, joints, nasal cavity, tonsils, and other organs

Burkholderia pseudomallei nodules are found in?

guinea pigs and rabbits

animals that are highly susceptible in Burkholderia pseudomallei

Strauss reaction, a purulent orchitis

inoculated male guinea pigs develop this reaction

1. Isolation and identification; from blood and lesions

2. Hemagglutination test from serum

3. Fluorescent antiserum

4. Complement fixation test and agglutination test

IHFC

Diagnosis in Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and novobiocin and tetracycline

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Resistance to cloxacillin, colistin, gentamicin and polymyxin B (CCGP)