Ch. 5 EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY AND DIPLOIDY

why would we want increased number of genome

more genes = more abilities

why would a prokaryote want to become a eukaryote

more selective advantage cus it has more DNA

what is giardia

a diploid protist that gives u diarrhea and yo fart smell like eggs

has 2 nuclei each with separate genomes

what are the advantages of being diploid

having a functional gene can mask a dysfunctional gene

a gene that is dysfunctional now, could be very useful under different circustances

what is mitosis

process where DNA of gene is replicated, chromosomes line up orderly so they can be appropriately sorted, one copy on each side of cell, creating 2 identical copies of parent

why mitosis

to get more cells

when do we do mitosis

during development of growth in early years of life, or preparing a wound or a depleted blood supply, to create more cells

mitosis is similar to

binary fission

why is it good that mitosis has a complicated process

allows us to sort chromosomes more effectively avoiding mistakes like 2 chromosomes going to one daughter cell and the other getting neither

describe the process of mitosis

one chromosome from mom one chromosome from dad → replicated → lined up on equator → separated into 2 daughter cels

whats the problem w diversity in meiosis

there would be little to no diversity if eukaryotes just did mitosis and relied on diversity introduced by error

whats good about meiosis

eukaryotic cells can scramble their genes w someone else

what is the result of meiosis

1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells

describe process of meiosis

one chromosome from mom one chromosome from dad → replicated → lined up on equator, side by side as a tetrad → separated once, then twice → becoming 4 daughter cells that are all haploid

what happens in the sexual life cycle

diploid to haploid via meiosis, haploid back to diploid via fertilization

most protists reproduce in a ___ __

sexual way: cycle of meiosis then fertilization

what are the 3 patters of sexual reproduction

gametic, sporic, zygotic

what do the 3 patterns of sexual reproduction have in common

going from diploid to haploid via meiosis, and haploid to diploid via fertilization

how do the 3 patterns of sexual reproduction differ

mitosis steps at different places

what are the factors that introduce diversity most efficiently

1. random mating

2. chromosomal assortment

3. homologous recombination

what is chromosomal assortment

when we produce gametes, pairs of chromosomes are shuffled making it very rare to get same egg twice

what is homologous recombination

during ONLY MEIOSIS, when chromosomes come together, if they are similar sequence they can swap DNA strands

between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which ones make new cool genetics and stuff

prokaryotes have novel genetics so they are the ones that can come up with new cool stuff

eukaryotes just shuffle genes we already have