mutations

Mutations

Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can lead to abnormal protein production.

Germline mutations

Mutations that occur in gametes (sex cells) and can be passed down to offspring.

Somatic mutations

Mutations that occur in body cells and cannot be passed down to offspring.

Chromosomal mutations

Changes in chromosomes that can result in potentially more severe changes in an organism.

Sickle cell anemia

A genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide change that alters the shape of the protein cell.

Lactose intolerance

A mutation that stops the body from producing the enzyme that breaks down lactose.

Point mutation

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Frameshift mutation

A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, affecting the reading frame of the codons.

Substitution mutation

A mutation where one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced with another nucleotide.