Chapter 14

Who will be the first president from beyond the Appalachian Mountains?

Andrew Jackson

By 1850, what percentage of Americans were under the age of thirty?

Thirty

By the eve of the Civil War the demographic center of the United States was located where?

Ohio River valley

Who was James Fennimore Cooper’s heroic character?

Natty Bumppo

What type of phrase best describes the ideal American during the time period when AndrewJackson was president?

“Rugged Individualism”

This type of system had traders from St. Louis venture to the Rocky Mountain valley who then would wait to trade with the trappers and Indians to arrive with beaver pelts to swap for manufactured goods from the East?

Rendezvous system

Who would be one of the first Americans to promote preservation of nature as a deliberatenational policy—especially after he saw Sioux Indians in South Dakota recklessly slaughtering buffalo in order to trade the animals’ tongues for the white man’s whiskey?

George Catlin

What was the population of the United States in the 1860 census?

31+ million

By 1860, how many states were in the Union?

33

What were some of the consequences of urbanization in the mid-19th Century?

• smelly slums

• impure water

• foul sewage

• ravenous rats

Which city in 1823 pioneered a sewer system?

Boston

Which city in 1842 started to use piped-in water?

New York

Why did many Irish come to the United States post-1845?

Potato Famine

What two Western European immigrant groups dominated immigration to the United States inthe mid-to-late19th Century?

Irish and Germans

What did NINA stand for concerning the Irish in the mid-19th Century?

No Irish Need Apply

What primary internal improvement did the Irish help build during and after the Civil War?

Transcontinental Railroad

Who were the “Molly Maguires”?

19th Century secret society of Irish coal workers who applied pressure to workers concerning Union Activity.

What notable Democratic political machine was located in New York City which gave out patronage in exchange for votes in elections and jobs?

Tammany Hall

What was the difference between the German and the Irish who came to the United States in the mid-19th Century?

Germans possessed some skills and a modest amount of material goods.

What elementary level program did the Germans introduce to the United States?

Kindergarten

Because of the influx of immigrants in the mid-19th Century this political party grew in strength as an anti-immigrant party?

Know-Nothings

How did immigration to the United States during the 19th Century change the face ofAmerica?

We became one of the most ethnically and racially varied in world history

In what year did the country of Germany come into existence?

1871

Which group of people settled in Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Ohio and reserved baptism for adults, repudiating the tradition of infant baptism practiced by most Europeans?

Amish

What invention did Eli Whitney give to Northern industry which revolutionized industry?

Interchangeable parts

What invention did Eli Whitney give to Southerners which helped to create “King Cotton”? What famous female helped to financially support the creation of this invention?

Cotton Gin; Catherine Greene

What disadvantage did “King Cotton” bring to the South?

Lack of industry and demand for labor-intensive crops

This invention gave another strong boost to northern industrialization—especially the Lowell system?

Sewing Machine

Why did the clerk of the Patent Office quit his position in 1838?

Thought that everything that could be invented had been

Who was responsible for creating the telegraph system?

Samuel Morse

What business did the telegraph system put out of business?

Pony Express

This group of Americans was especially vulnerable to exploitation by northern labor?

Child labor

How did President Van Buren help federal employees?

Established a ten-hour day for federal employees.

Why did workers usually lose more strikes than they won in the mid to late 19th Century?

They could replace striking workers with newly arrived immigrants

What nicknames were given to workers who replaced striking employees?

“scabs” or “rats”

How did the Supreme Court of Massachusetts rule in the case Commonwealth v. Hunt?

They said that unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were “honorable and peaceful.”

These textile mills were located in Massachusetts which gave rise to single women in the workforce?

Lowell factory system

Which profession did Catharine Beecher urged women to enter in the mid-19th Century?

Teaching

Who was the famous sister of Catharine Beecher? Why was she famous?

Harriet Beecher Stowe—she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Why did the “fertility rate” of White women drop sharply after the Revolutionary War?

Women entered the work force

The decision by women to have fewer children in the 19th Century has been called

“domestic feminism”

This phrase is associated with women in their typical role as wife, mother and housekeeper?

“Cult of Domesticity”

John Deere created what farming innovation in 1837?

Steel Plow

What contribution did Cyrus McCormick give to farming?

Mechanical mower-reaper

This man is known as the father of the steamboat industry?

Robert Fulton

This road system ran from western Maryland to Vandalia in Illinois?

Cumberland Road

This road system would be an example of which aspect of Henry Clay’s American System

Building infrastructure in the United States

Clinton’s Big Ditch is better known as this?

Erie Canal

Which group of investors saw NO future in the railroad industry?

Canal backers

What was the nickname for the trains?

Iron Horse

The first railroad rails were made of what metal? Later they changed to what metal?

Iron→Steel

This famous trail started in Omaha, Nebraska and Independence, Missouri and finished in Portland?

Oregon Trail

This famous trail started in St. Joseph, Missouri and ended in San Francisco?

California Trail

What major religious group settled in Salt Lake City, Utah, and was part of the 2nd Great Awakening?

Mormons

Who is responsible for the religion in #54?

Joseph Smith

What was responsible for moving this religious group to Utah?

Brigham Young

This gentleman began his career as a fur-trader and then made millions as a real estate speculatorin New York?

John Jacob Astor

In which state was the first oil well drilled?

Titusville, PA

This hard and long burning coal was mined mainly in PA?

Anthracite

These two metals were most prevalent in the New Mexico territory.

Gold and Silver

Place the following in Chronological order: Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, Pony Express established, First transcontinental telegraph, John Deer introduces the steel plow, Robert Fulton’s first steamboat, Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, Erie Canal completed, first railroad in US, Potato Famine in Ireland.

Industrial Rev. in Britain, Eli Whitney and the Cotton gin, Robert Fulton’s steamboat, Erie Canal completed, First Railroad in US, John Deer and the steel plow, Potato famine in Ireland, Pony Express established, First transcontinental telegraph.