T3 pe revision 2026 - sports psych

From Lotus Diagram (onenote -> exam prep)

The direction and intensity of one’s effort

What is motivation?

Amotivation, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation

What are the 3 types of motivation?

Motivation that comes from within

What is intrinsic motivation?

Motivation influenced by external rewards or outcomes

What is extrinsic motivation?

A lack of motivation or intention to participate

What is amotivation?

Self-talk, extrinsic rewards, goal setting and music

What strategies can improve motivation?

Goals focused on the final result

What are outcome goals?

Goals focused on improving performance

What are performance goals?

Goals focused on the technique or actions needed to perform successfully

What are process goals?

Belief in oneself, someone or something

What is self-efficacy?

A person's belief in their ability to perform successfully

What is confidence?

The level of physical and mental alertness

What is arousal?

A theory suggesting that performance is best at an optimal level of arousal

What is the Inverted-U theory?

Under-aroused, optimal arousal and over-aroused

What are the 3 stages of arousal?

They may lack energy, alertness and focus

What can happen when an athlete is under-aroused?

Anxiety and reduced performance can occur

What can happen when an athlete is over-aroused?

Somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety

What are the two types of anxiety?

A model explaining how athletes focus attention using different attentional styles

What is Nideffer's attentional model?

Awareness of the environment

What does attention involve?

Broad-internal, broad-external, narrow-internal and narrow-external

What are the four attentional styles in Nideffer's model?

Focusing on many things in the external environment

What is broad-external attention?

Focusing on one or a few specific things in the external environment

What is narrow-external attention?

Considering many thoughts, ideas or possibilities internally

What is broad-internal attention?

Focusing on one specific thought or idea internally

What is narrow-internal attention?

A strategy that provides direction and focus and helps maintain motivation.

What is goal setting?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-framed, Evaluated and Recorded

What does SMARTER stand for?

Visualising one aspect of performance or a skill

What is visualisation?

Imagining the performance from your own perspective

What is internal imagery?

Imagining the performance as if watching yourself from outside your body

What is external imagery?

A visualisation model: Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion and Perspective

What is the PETTLEP model?

The messages your brain receives and your body believes

What is self-talk?

Thoughts inside your head and words spoken out loud

What are two forms of self-talk?

Positive cue words, thought stopping and trigger words

What are self-talk strategies?

Builds confidence, reduces anxiety and creates positive emotions

What can positive self-talk do?

Actions performed immediately prior to completing a task

What is a pre-task routine?

To prepare physically and mentally, reduce anxiety and regulate arousal

What is the purpose of a pre-task routine?

It should be short, practised and refined until it becomes habitual

What are characteristics of an effective pre-task routine?

Practising actions that mimic the task while under pressure

What is rehearsing under pressure?

Identify, Match, Practice, Ascertain, Create and Train

What is the IMPACT model?

To develop and train effective pre-task routines

What is the purpose of the IMPACT model?

Short words or phrases used to provide direction and focus

What are cue words?

It can reduce anxiety, build confidence and develop automatic responses

What is the purpose of visualisation as a strategy?