Biology Chapter 7.1-7.2 Quiz: Essential Cell Structures and Functions

Robert Hooke

first to view dead cork cells; first to name and use the term "cell"

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

first to view live microscopic animals, (called "animalcules")

Schliden

(botanist) - all plants are made up of cells

Schwann

(zoologist) - all animals are made up of cells

Virchow

(physician) - all cells come from other cells

modern cell theory

1. all living things are made up of cells 2. cells are basic units of structure and function in living things 3. cells only come from pre-existing cells

cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell, selective, lipid bilayer

cell wall

strong layer, outside the cell membrane, porous barrier

plant, fungi, bacteria cells

Where are cell walls found?

nucleus

controls cell activities, contains DNA, found in all cells except bacteria

cytoplasm

everything inside, except DNA

cytosol

liquid only portion of cytoplasm

ribosomes

protein making structures; made of RNA

prokaryotes

most primitive cell type

nuclei and membrane bound organelles

What do prokaryotic cells lack?

eukaryotes

most advanced cell type

eukaryotic

What is the only type of cell that can be multicellular and specialized?

nuclear envelope

protects the nucleus

chromatin

the cell's DNA is _________

chromosomes

What does chromatin form?

46

How many chromosomes do humans have?

nucleulos

site where ribosomes are made

vacuoles

saclike structures that store H2O, proteins, etc.

vesicle

membrane sack of cell products

lysosomes

have digestive enzymes; breaks down food and old cell parts (only in animal cells)

peroxisomes

contain hydrogen peroxide which converts fats to sugar and destroys harmful molecules

cytoskeleton

cell structural skeleton

microtubules

protein tubes made of tubulin that attach to and move the organelles

centrioles

aid cell division in animal cells

microfilaments

protein fibers made of actin that aids cell movement and support

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

cell main manufacturing system

smooth ER

no ribosomes; makes lipids

rough ER

ribosomes; makes proteins

golgi apparatus

cell packaging system; attaches lipids/carbohydrates to proteins for transport out of the cell

mitochondria

release energy molecules (ATP) for cells; found in both plant and animal cells

chloroplasts

(in plant cells), makes sugar (glucose) by photosynthesis

endosymbiosis theory

mitochondria & chloroplasts came from bacteria-like cells living symbiotically in early eukaryotic cells

Lynn Margulis

Who proposed the endosymbiosis theory?

plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA

What are structures both common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

cell

basic units of life

organelles

"little organs," structures in the cell that act like specialized organs

lipid bilayer

gives cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

selectively permeable

some substances can pass across them and others cannot