Exam 2 social psychology concepts

Gender role

define the et of behavior for males and females. Culture constructs gender roles

Gender Schema

mental shortcuts we use that tend to be built around gender roles.

Natural selection

favoring cognitive and behavioral traits that helped our ancestors survive, cooperate, and reproduce in tribal or group environment

Epigenetics/ behavioral epigenetics

studies how social environments, trauma, and relationships change gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence

Socialization factors (nurture)

is the lifelong process of learning and internalizing the norms, values, language, and behaviors of a society

Evolutionary social psychology

is a scientific approach that examines human social behavior, cognition, and emotions through the lens of evolutionary biology and natural selection

Conformity

A change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure. 2 types : Acceptance and Compliance

Acceptance

acting and believing in accord of social pressure

Compliance

involving publicly acting in accord with applied or explicit requests while privately disagreeing . 1 type of compliance is Obedience

Obedience

acting in accord with a direct order or command.

persuasion

is the process of changing a person’s attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors through communication without the use of force or coercion. 2 ways central and peripheral route

Central route

occurs when interested people focus on the argument and respond with favorable thoughts.

Peripheral route

Occur when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

Authority

people defer to credible experts

Liking

people respond more affirmatively to those they like.

Social proof

people allow others to validate how they think, feel, act

Reciprocity

people feel obligated to repay in kind what they receive

Consistency

people tend to honor their public commitments

Scarcity

people want things that are rare, unusual, or hard to get

Unity

people say yes to someone they see are one of them

Normative social influence

prompts individuals to conform to group norms to fit in, gain acceptance, and feel good.

Informational social influence

leads people to conform, believing the group possesses competent and correct information, especially in ambiguous situations or tasks.

Social loafing

the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their effort toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable. Effort decreases as group size increases.

Deindividuation

The loss of self awareness and evaluation apprehension. When people lose their sense of self in a group

Social facilitation

the strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others. We are affected by the presence of others

Group polarization

is the tendency for individuals to adopt more extreme positions after discussing an issue in a group of like

Minority influence

in social psychology happens when a smaller subgroup or individual changes the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors of a larger majority.

Social Identity Theory

the effectiveness of a minority depends heavily on whether the source belongs to the same social group (ingroup) or a different group (outgroup)

Group Think

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a group. apart if norm formation