Acids

Hydrochloric acid

Formula: $HCl$; classification: strong monoprotic binary acid

Hydrobromic acid

Formula: $HBr$; classification: strong monoprotic binary acid

Hydroiodic acid

Formula: $HI$; classification: strong monoprotic binary acid

Nitric acid

Formula: $HNO_3$; classification: strong monoprotic oxoacid

Sulfuric acid

Formula: $H_2SO_4$; classification: strong diprotic oxoacid (strong for the first dissociation)

Perchloric acid

Formula: $HClO_4$; classification: strong monoprotic oxoacid

Chloric acid

Formula: $HClO_3$; classification: strong monoprotic oxoacid

Hydrofluoric acid

Formula: $HF$; classification: weak monoprotic binary acid

Acetic acid

Formula: $CH_3COOH$ (or $HC_2H_3O_2$); classification: weak monoprotic carboxylic acid

Phosphoric acid

Formula: $H_3PO_4$; classification: weak triprotic oxoacid

Carbonic acid

Formula: $H_2CO_3$; classification: weak diprotic oxoacid

Nitrous acid

Formula: $HNO_2$; classification: weak monoprotic oxoacid

Sulfurous acid

Formula: $H_2SO_3$; classification: weak diprotic oxoacid

Hypochlorous acid

Formula: $HClO$; classification: weak monoprotic oxoacid

Seven common strong acids

$HCl$, $HBr$, $HI$, $HNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, $HClO_3$, and $HClO_4$

Naming rule for binary acids

Prefix hydro- + root of nonmetal + suffix -ic followed by acid (e.g., $HCl$ is hydrochloric acid)

Naming rule for oxyacids with an anion ending in -ate

Root of polyatomic ion + suffix -ic followed by acid (e.g., nitrate $NO_3^-$ becomes nitric acid $HNO_3$)

Naming rule for oxyacids with an anion ending in -ite

Root of polyatomic ion + suffix -ous followed by acid (e.g., nitrite $NO_2^-$ becomes nitrous acid $HNO_2$)