Biochem - Genetics: Concept 1

Quiz on 1/14b

nucleic acid

macromolecule that holds genetic material

gene

section of DNA that serve as the blueprint/instructions for making proteins

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA

ribonucleic acid

DNA sugar

deoxyribose

RNA sugar

ribose

3 parts of a nucleotide

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

DNA nitrogen bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

RNA nitrogen bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

DNA structure

double-helix: twisted ladder

sugar-phosphate backbone

nitrogen bases bond in the middle

what kind of bond is between nitrogen bases in middle

weak hydrogen bonds

what kind of bond is for all other bonds

strong covalent bonds

A bond with ____

T

G bonds with ____

C

2 types of nitrogen bases

purines and pyrimidines

purines

small word, big base: adenine, guanine

pyrimidines

big word, small base: cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

what does it mean when they say DNA is antiparallel?

the strands run in opposite directions

phosphate end ’

5’ end

deoxyribose sugar end ’

3’ end

chromosome

tightly coiled strands of DNA

2 big parts of cell cycle

interphase and M phase

3 parts of interphase

G1, S, G2

what is the phase where the cell spends the most amount of time?

interphase

what are the 2 parts of the M phase

mitosis and cytokinesis

4 parts of mitosis in order

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm that creates 2 daughter cells