Chapter 15; School Age Promotion

Biological Growth

• By age 12 their teeth have grown in

• By age 12 the avg kid will weigh 88lb and is about 59 inches tall

• Body will be more leaner as torso and legs lengthen

• Girls will typically have a growth spurt earlier than boys, often starting as early as ages 9 to 10.

• muscular overuse can lead to injury, caution in sports activities

Physiological Changes

• decrease in HR and RR, and Kcal needs

• improve immunity however school age kids get sick during the first few years of school due to increased exposure

• bones yield to pressure: teach kids to distribute book bags evenly

Eriksons stage

• Industry vs Inferiority: A developmental stage defined by children ages 6 to 12 where they want to try new things and get praised for it by school, peers, and parents

• reinforcement in forms of grades, rewards, additional privileges provide encouragement and stimulation

• teach skills that promote competence and self-esteem, helping them build a sense of industry.

Piaget Cognitive Development

• concrete operational

• develop understanding between things & ideas

• able to make judgments based on reason

• conservation developed

Kohlberg Moral Development

• development of conscience & moral standard

• older children begin to think why a rule was broken, if the rule itself is fair, situation surrounding it

• treat others as you want to be treated develops

Social Development

• best friend role develops

• during later stages boys and girls will separate for play

• competitive play starts to develop, often children will join sports, secret clubs, and other organized activities that foster teamwork and social skills. Peer relationships become increasingly important, influencing behavior and self-esteem.

Relationship with families

• increasing independence from parents

• children will begin questioning parents and discovering parents can be wrong

• children also seek approval and support from parents while establishing their own identity.

Sexual Education

• nurses should be honest, explain what to expect as they mature and communicate with parents about the physical, emotional, and social aspects of sexual development. It is essential to provide age-appropriate information to foster understanding and healthy attitudes.

Role of the School

• teachers: provide stimulation and guide children while allowing for intellectual development

• role of parents: supplement schoolwork, cultivating responsibilities for deadlines

Latchkey Children

Children who are left at home alone after school until parents return from work. They require guidance on safety and responsibility as they develop independence.

• assess resources, self help skills for the, and support networks to ensure their wellbeing.

Discipline

• avoid spanking and instead use positive reinforcement and consistent boundaries to teach self-control and appropriate behavior.

• ex: withholding privileges, requiring compensation, imposing penalties

Stress and Fear

• often caused by bullying, family issues, unwanted sexual remarks, verbal insults, school

• s&s: stomach pain, HA, sleep issues, bedwetting, changes in eating, aggressive behavior, regression

• tx: deep breathing exercises, positive imagery, relaxation techniques, physical acitivity, and counseling support.

Dental Avulsions

• EMERGENCY

• place the tooth in a cup of milk or saline solution, and seek immediate dental care. This helps preserve the tooth's vitality and increases the chance of successful re-implantation.

• recover tooth, hold tooth by crown not root area, insert tooth into socket if possible

Injury prevention

• booster seats until 57in

• rear vehicle seats until 13

• safety helmets, padding when riding bikes

• monitor on trampoline or ATVS