Abdomen/GI High-Value Master Deck.

Pubic symphysis and urinary bladder

What anatomy must be included inferiorly on an AP supine abdomen (KUB)?

AP upright abdomen

Which abdomen projection best demonstrates free intraperitoneal air and air-fluid levels in a patient who can stand?

Left lateral decubitus abdomen

Which abdomen position is preferred to demonstrate free intraperitoneal air when the patient cannot stand?

Left side down, right side elevated

How is the patient positioned for a left lateral decubitus abdomen?

Free air rises along the right side near the liver

Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred when free intraperitoneal air is suspected?

Dorsal decubitus abdomen

Which abdomen position primarily demonstrates air-fluid levels when the patient cannot stand?

Horizontal beam

What beam orientation is required for decubitus abdomen imaging?

PA scout → serial PA follow-through → ileocecal spot

What is the routine sequence of a small bowel follow-through?

Prone/PA

Which small bowel position helps separate bowel loops through compression?

Cecum or ileocecal region

When is a small bowel follow-through generally considered complete?

Duodenum → jejunum → ileum → terminal ileum → ileocecal valve → cecum

What is the pathway from the beginning of the small intestine into the large intestine?

Terminal ileum

Which portion of the small bowel is especially important in a patient with Crohn disease?

Barium sulfate

Which contrast is commonly used for a routine small bowel follow-through when no contraindication exists?

Enteroclysis

Which small bowel examination introduces contrast directly into the small intestine through a tube?

Upper GI series

Which contrast examination primarily evaluates the stomach and duodenum?

Cardia

Which stomach region receives the esophagus?

Fundus

Which portion of the stomach commonly contains the gastric air bubble?

Pyloric sphincter

Which sphincter controls passage of stomach contents into the duodenum?

Supine/AP UGI

Which UGI position causes barium to pool primarily in the posterior fundus?

Prone/PA UGI

Which UGI position causes air to rise into the fundus while barium moves toward the body and pylorus?

RAO UGI

Which UGI position best fills the pyloric region and duodenal bulb with barium?

LPO UGI

Which UGI position causes barium to pool primarily in the fundus?

Right lateral UGI

Which UGI position best demonstrates the pyloric region and duodenal loop in profile?

Barium follows gravity; air rises

What rule predicts barium and air distribution during UGI examinations?

Hypersthenic habitus

Which habitus typically has a high, relatively transverse stomach?

Asthenic habitus

Which habitus typically has a long, low, vertical stomach?

Hypersthenic habitus

Which habitus generally requires the greatest RAO rotation during UGI?

Double-contrast UGI

Which UGI technique uses barium plus gas to improve mucosal detail?

Trendelenburg position

Which position may help demonstrate a suspected hiatal hernia?

Esophagram

Which examination primarily evaluates esophageal structure and motility?

Modified barium swallow

Which swallowing examination evaluates the oral/pharyngeal phases and aspiration risk?

Modified barium swallow

A patient coughs and chokes when swallowing thin liquids. Which study is most appropriate?

Esophagram

A patient is suspected of having achalasia or an esophageal stricture. Which study is most appropriate?

RAO esophagus

Which esophageal position places the contrast-filled esophagus between the spine and heart shadow?

Mucosa

What is the innermost layer of the esophagus?

Thin barium

Which barium consistency is useful for evaluating esophageal flow and motility?

High-density barium

Which type of barium provides better mucosal coating for double-contrast imaging?

Double-contrast esophagram

Which esophageal examination uses high-density barium plus effervescent crystals?

Single-contrast enema

Which contrast-enema technique primarily fills the colon with positive contrast?

Double-contrast enema

Which contrast-enema technique uses barium plus air for improved mucosal detail?

Sims position

Which position is commonly used for rectal tube insertion before a contrast enema?

Rectum → sigmoid → descending → transverse → ascending → cecum

What is the general retrograde filling pathway during a contrast enema?

RAO and LPO

Which contrast-enema obliques demonstrate the RIGHT/hepatic flexure?

LAO and RPO

Which contrast-enema obliques demonstrate the LEFT/splenic flexure?

Near/same-side flexure

Which flexure is demonstrated with PA/anterior oblique contrast-enema positions?

Away/elevated-side flexure

Which flexure is demonstrated with AP/posterior oblique contrast-enema positions?

AP/PA axial contrast enema

Which projections are used to open and demonstrate the rectosigmoid region?

Right lateral decubitus BE

Which decubitus position best demonstrates the LEFT colic/splenic flexure?

Left lateral decubitus BE

Which decubitus position best demonstrates the RIGHT colic/hepatic flexure?

Air.

Because the transverse colon is relatively anterior, what fills it preferentially when the patient is supine?

Barium

Because the transverse colon is relatively anterior, what fills it preferentially when the patient is prone? .

Postevacuation image

Which contrast-enema image is obtained after the patient empties the colon?

Surgical cholangiogram

Which intraoperative contrast study evaluates the biliary ducts?

Supine AP or AP oblique

What basic positioning is used for a surgical cholangiogram?

15–20° oblique

How much may the patient be obliqued during surgical cholangiography to move the bile ducts away from the spine?

Patency of the bile ducts

What major function is evaluated during a surgical cholangiogram?

Biliary calculi

What common abnormality may be demonstrated during a surgical cholangiogram?

ERCP

Which endoscopic study evaluates biliary and pancreatic pathologic conditions?

Duodenum

During ERCP, where is the endoscope advanced under fluoroscopic control?

Common bile duct or pancreatic duct

During ERCP, contrast is injected through a cannula into which ducts?

Prone

What patient position is used for ERCP imaging according to the reviewed Merrill material?

Retrograde

During ERCP, contrast travels in what direction relative to normal duct drainage?