Bio 3 Honors Unit 3: Carbon Chemistry Unit Test Flashcards

What are carbon based molecules called? How many valence electrons/ bonds does this allow them to have with what type of bonding?

Organic Molecules, 4 valence electrons and 4 bonds via covalent bonding.

Does shape determine function in molecular structure?

Yes

What is an isomer?

Molecules with the same formula but different structures.

Almost all molecules of what structure contain carbon?

Cells

What are hydrocarbons?

Compounds made of Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)

Hydrocarbons can be fuels for machine, name two.

Methane (CH4) and Propane (C3H5)

What else are made of long chains of hydrocarbons?

Fats (lipids)

How are Polymers created?

Monomers join together

In what process are polymers formed

Dehydration synthesis - polymers are broken through digestion

What is the process of dehydration synthesis?

OH (hydroxyl) and H (hydrogen) from seperate molecules are removed and combined to take out an H2O (water) molecule.

What kind of new bonds form from dehydration synthesis?

New covalent bonds

What is hydrolysis?

opposite of dehydration synthesis - water is added to the polymer and splits it apart. enzymes help this process

What is a monomer the simplest form of?

A polymer

What is a monosaccaride? What is an example of this and how many rings does it have? Why is its primary function?

simple carb usually in the form of a ring structure. glucose with one ring. to give a quick source of energy

What is an example of isomers that are monosaccarides? What is their chemical formulas?

glucose and fructose - C6H12O6

What does a dissaccaride consist of? What is this formed from?

2 monosaccarides, dehydration synthesis

What is a polysaccaride?

Complex carb. polymers made up of ten or more monossacharides

What is a polyssaccaride's function

to be an energy source and provide function

Do broken bonds create less or more energy?

More

How do animals store energy? What is their structure?

Glycogen (muscles + liver) - breaks down into glucose, Chitin - exoskeleton of insects

How do plants store energy? What is their structure?

Starch - breaks down into glucose, cellulose/cell wall

Why can't cellulose be broken down by humans?

we lack the enzyme fiber

Are polysaccarides hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Why?

Hydrophilic- high abundance of -OH (hydroxl) groups