Range of Motion - Kisner

Range of Motion

basic technique used for the examination of movement and for initiating movement into a program of therapeutic intervention

Central nervous system

When a person moves, the intricate control of the muscle activity that causes or controls the motion comes from the _______

Goniometer

Joint Range are usually measure with what instrument?

Functional excursion

distance a muscle is capable of shortening after it has been elongated to its maximum

True

True/False: Functional excursion is affected by the joint a muscle crosses

ideal length-tension relations

Two-joint or multijoint muscles normally function in the midportion of their functional excursion, where ____________ exist

Maintain joint and soft tissue mobility

Therapeutically, ROM activities are administered to maintain __________

Passive ROM

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force

False

True/False: PROM and passive stretching are synonymous

Active ROM

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint

Active-Assistive ROM

type of AROM in which assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion

True

True/False: In the region where there is acute, inflamed tissue, passive motion is beneficial; active motion would be detrimental to the healing process

PROM

Type of ROM used when a patient is not able to or not supposed to actively move a segment of the body

False

True/False: PROM prevents muscle atrophy and increases strength or endurance

manual or mechanical resistance

Once patients gain control of their ROM, they are progressed to ________ exercises to improve muscle performance for a return to functional activities

AROM

When a segment of the body is immobilized for a period of time, ______ is used on the regions above and below the immobilized segment

True

True/False: For strong muscles, active ROM does not maintain or increase strength.

True

True/False: AROM does not develop skill and coordination except in the movement pattern used

adhesion and contracture formation, sluggish circulation, and a prolonged recovery time

complete immobility leads to (1) _______ formation, (2) _________ circulation (3) ________ recovery time

Carefully controlled motion

________ within the limits of pain-free motion during early phases of healing has been shown to benefit healing and early recovery.

Pain and inflammation

Signs of too much or the wrong motion

1. Anatomic planes of motion: frontal, sagittal, transverse

2. Muscle range of elongation: antagonistic to the line of pull of the muscle

3. Combined patterns: diagonal motions or movements that incorporate several planes of motion

4. Functional patterns: motions used in activities of daily living (ADL)

ROM techniques may be performed in the:

tissue resistance (end-feel)

Move the segment through its complete pain-free range to the point of ________

Stretching technique

Do not force beyond the available range. If you force motion, it becomes a ____________

Muscle antagonists

When the part moves downward, with gravity causing the motion, _________ to the motion become active and may need assistance in controlling the descent of the part

Vary patient position

When transitioning from PROM to AROM, __________ in order to use gravity to either assist or resist the motion.

• Objective Reinforcement

• Provide Visual feedback

Benefits of Wall Climbing

True

True/False: The pulley system has been demonstrated to utilize significantly more muscle activity then therapist-assisted ROM and continuous passive motion machines

Compression of the humerus against the acromion process → pain and decreased function

Common problems with misuse of pulley activities

Friction-free surface

Use of a _________ may encourage movement without the resistance of gravity or friction.

1. Abduction/adduction of the hip while supine

2. Horizontal abduction/adduction of the shoulder while sitting

Most common motion done using powder boards

• Reciprocal patterning

• Endurance training

• and strengthening

Benefits of reciprocal exercise units by adjusting different parameters of the exercise

Continuous passive motion

refers to passive motion performed by a mechanical device that moves a joint slowly and continuously through a controlled ROM

Robert Salter

CPM machines were developed as a result of research by

1. Determine what pattern of movement is desired → Move it through

2. Manual assistance → Mechanical assistance → Self-Assistance

ROM through function patterns

1. Grasping eating utensil

2. Eating (hand to mouth)

3. Reaching to various shelf heights

4. Supine to sitting

5. Standing up/sitting down

etc.

Function ROM Activities